By Leishmania braziliensi

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In this section NR membranes with colloidal incorporation of gold nanoparticles are used, synthesized by an in situ method (NR/Au) at different reduction times, in order to evaluate the physiological behaviour of Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes cultured in axenic medium, in a colony of 7 weeks old, evaluating the increase in kinetics in relation to the permanence time of the membranes in the culture medium as a function of reduction time and temperature of preparations of NR membranes. 

The protozoan parasites of family Trypanosomatidae and order Kinetoplastida are responsible for three main clinical syndromes of leishmaniasis cutaneous (caused by Leishmania tropica and L. mexicana), mucocutaneous (caused by L. braziliensis), and visceral (caused by L. donovani). The Leishmania species, L. tropica and L. donovani found in Africa, Europe, and Asia, are often termed as the Old World, while the species L. mexicana and L. braziliensis are restricted to the America and commonly referred to as the New World [3]. The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has an estimated incidence of 500,000 new cases and 60,000 deaths each year with more than 90% of cases are centralized to India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, and Brazil [4],... 

The flagellate leishmania is transmitted to humans by the bite of the female sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus. Three principal diseases result from infection with Leishmania spp. L. donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) L. tropica and L. major produce cutaneous leishmaniasis, and L. braziliensis causes South American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. In visceral leishmaniasis, the protozoan parasitizes the reticuloendothelial cells, and this results in an enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen the spleen can become massive. Cutaneous leishmaniasis remains localized to the site of inoculation, where it forms a raised disfiguring ulcerative lesion. South American leishmaniasis is variable in its presentation. It is characterized by ulceration of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and pharynx some disfiguring skin involvement also is possible. 

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