Physical properties 1,2-butylene oxide

Deschamps AA, Grijpma DW, and Feijen J. Poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(butylenes terephthalate) segmented block copolymers The effect of copolymer composition on physical properties and degradation behavior. Polymer, 2001, 42, 9335-9345. 

Bonding of chemicals to wood cell wall components--cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin—can change the physical and chemical properties of the wood. For example, reaction of southern pine with simple epoxides results in a modified wood which is resistant to attack by subterranean termites in laboratory tests (1). Wood modified with acetic anhydride, dimethyl sulfate, 0-propiolactone and epoxides are highly resistant to attack by microorganisms in standard soil block laboratory tests (2,3). Southern pine modified by reaction with acetic anhydride and propylene and butylene oxides has a reduced tendency to swell in the presence of water (4). 

Property data from the literature (1-55,96,11,119,124,125,139,165,168,235-249) are given in Table 11-1. The critical constants were selected from the DIPPR project (5) except for butylene oxide (31). For ethylene and propylene oxides, the values are experimental For the other compounds, the values are estimates. Additional property data sudr as acentric factor, enthalpy of formation, lower explosion limit in air and solubility in water are also available. The DIPPR (Design Institute for Physical Property Research) project (5) and recent data compilations by Yaws and co-workers (44-55) were consulted extensively in preparing the tabulation. 

Several companies have published descriptive bulletins for the safe handling of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide. Typical glassware and technical reviews are given in [5,6]. Some physical properties of ethylene and propylene oxides are given in Table I. 

Stackman [29] carried out a study to find systems suitable for reducing the flammability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly-1,4-butylene terephthalate (PBT) while retaining the chemical and physical properties of the original polymers. The additives used were phosphine oxides, phosphonates and phosphates and their activity was assessed by means of an oxygen index test. Most of the phosphorus esters were found to be volatile under the blending conditions and both the halogenated phosphorus esters and halogenated derivatives of phosphorus oxide proved to be ineffective as flame retardants. 

Poly(amide-b-ethylene oxide) copolymers were presented in 1990 as a promising membrane material [43]. These block copolymers were developed in 1972 but in 1981 began to be used for commercial purpose under the trade name Pebax , produced by ATOCHEM [44] (now ARKEMA). Another important group of segmented poly(ester)s used for membranes are block copolymers based on PEO and PBT (poly(butylene tereph-thalate), known under commercial name of Polyactive [45]. By changing the polyamide and polyether segment, molecnlar mass and the content of each block, the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties are nicely tnned as well [46]. 

The choice of which alkylene oxide is used has several effects. The choice of oxides effects the reaction rate of the alkylene oxide addition to the sucrose molecule. It also has an effect on the physical cheuracteristies of the resulting polyol and plays a major role on the physical properties of the final rigid urethcuie foam. Table I shows the effects of using ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and mixtures of the two oxides. Butylene oxide offers an advantage over the other oxides in the area of hydrolytic stability. However, butylene oxide is not widely used because it commcuids a high price eind cannot be justi-... 

Chemical Designations — Synonyms 1-Butene Oxide 1,2-Butylene Oxide alpha-Butylene Oxide 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical Formula C2H5CHCH2O. Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Pungent. Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 C and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight 72 Boiling Point at 1 atm. 145 63, 336 Freezing Point <-58, <-50, <223 Critical Temperature Data not available ... 

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