Butylene oxide treatment

Dichlorides and e2thers are the main by-products in this reaction. Treatment with base produces propylene oxide. Specialty epoxides, eg, butylene oxide, are also produced on an industrial scale by means of HOCl generated from calcium hypochlorite and acetic acid followed by dehydrohalogenation with base. 

Wood wafers were treated with mixtures of propylene oxide and oligomeric isocyanate (Guevera and Moslemi, 1983). The best treatment was found to be a mixture of 9 1 propylene oxide to isocyanate. In another study, Guevera and Moslemi (1984) studied the swelling properties of wood modified with propylene or butylene oxide and compared the data with modifications using a furan resin, or vinylpyrrolidinone. The best results were obtained by the use of alkylene oxides in combination with a cross-linking agent (trimethylol propane trimethacrylate). 

Alkenes are converted to halohydrins by the treatment of halides and water. When halohydrins are treated with a strong base (NaOH), an intramolecular cyclization occurs and epoxides are formed. For example, 1-butene can be converted to butylene oxide via butylene chlorohydrin. 

Southern pine with a dual treatment of chemical modification with butylene oxide or butyl isocyanate followed by lumen-fill treatment with methyl methacrylate, or southern pine impregnated with methyl methacrylate and polymerized in situ, resulted in modified woods that were resistant to accelerated weathering and to ultraviolet light alone. Physical, chemical, and microscopic changes occurring as a result of ultraviolet light irradiation are described. 

Kiguchi [55] used ESCA to monitor surface changes in chemically modified sugi during and after exposure to UV light from 20-W UV fluorescent lamps. Chemical modification treatments included (1) methylation and reduction and (2) etherification with butylene oxide. In addition, wood samples that had been benzylated and then thermoplasticized by hot pressing were coated with... 

Among alkyl-substituted ethylene oxides known to ximlctr i cleavage on treatment with sodium sulfite are propylene oxide, sso-butylene oxide, 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, and 2,3-ci>ov>-butane.1 These reactions with sodium sulfite constitute the liani., fi>r an analytical method developed by for the estimaTioii ot... 

A final example of the influence of microwave treatment on adsorption materials involves the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials known as FUD-1. Preparations of FUD-1 used microwave heating both with and without humic acid treatment. The materials were synthesized with a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly-(butylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer as a template and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the source of silica. In addition to being well characterized, the resultant materials were also tested for their ability to adsorb Cd ions from solution at a fixed pH of 6. The incorporation of humic acid into FUD-1 led to significantly higher adsorption capacity of Cd + ions than materials without humic acid. As a result, these materials seem to be promising adsorbents for removal of cadmium and related heavy metal ions from aqueous waste streams. 

Fakirov S and Gogeva T (1990) Poly(ether ester)s based on poly(butylenes terephthalate) and poly(ethylene oxide)glycols. Part 1. Poly(ether ester)s with various polyether/polyester ratios. Part 2. Effect of polyether segment length. Part 3. Effect of thermal treatment and drawing on the structure of the poly (ether esters), Mahromol Chem 191 603-614, 615-624, 2341-2354. 

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