Butyl alcohol physical properties

Derivatives. In general, the esters of terephthaHc acid derived from saturated alcohols undergo the same reactions as dimethyl terephthalate. Some physical properties of six of these esters are Hsted in Table 23. The di- -butyl and di-2-ethyIhexyl esters find use as plasticizers (qv). Terephthaloyl chloride, which is prepared by reaction of terephthaHc acid and thionyl chloride, is used to prepare derivatives of terephthaHc acid. 

Table 1. Physical Properties of the Butyl Alcohols (Butanols)...

TABLE 1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BUTYL ALCOHOLS (BUTANOLS)... 

The diastereomers of 2-butyl tartrate have different physical properties, and they can be separated by conventional distillation, recrystallization, or chromatography. Separation of the diastereomers leaves us with two flasks, each containing one of the diastereomeric esters. The resolving agent is then cleaved from the separated enantiomers of butan-2-ol by the reverse of the reaction used to make the ester. Adding an acid catalyst and an excess of water to an ester drives the equilibrium toward the acid and the alcohol ... 

OH group at one end is mostly alkane, and its physical properties show this. The change in solubility with carbon number is a gradual one the first three primary alcohols are miscible with water ff-butyl alcohol is soluble to the extent of 8 g per 100 g water /i-pentyl, 2 g /i-hexyl, 1 g and the higher alcohols still less. For practical purposes we consider that the borderline between solubility and insolubility in water occurs at about four to five carbon atoms for normal primary alcohols. 

The metabolic product tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), which is often present with MTBE, is also considered a groundwater contaminant. Due to its physical properties, it is much more difficult to remove from groundwater than MTBE through the physical processes mentioned [20]. Air sparging and sorption unto GAC cannot be considered as viable options for TBA removal from groundwater. 

Commonly used water-immiscible solvents in industrial-scale processes include alcohols (isobutanol, -butanol), ketones (particularly methyl isobutyl ketone), acetates (butyl, ethyl, isopropyl), hydrocarbons (toluene, hexanes), and methylene chloride. These solvents are inexpensive, readily available, and exhibit physical properties of low viscosity and density significantly different from water. Common water-miscible solvents are the alcohols (particularly methanol). For laboratory-scale processes, the selection is greater since selection is not constrained by economics. Craig and Sogn (16) have prepared an extensive compilation of such solvents. 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES colorless to yellow liquid mobile liquid strong, obnoxious skunk-like odor very soluble in alcohol, ether, and liquid hydrogen sulfide slight solubility in water forms azeotropic mixtures with butyl alcohol (85.16% butanethiol, BP 97.8°C) and with butyl alcohol and water MP (-116°C, -177°F) BP (98°C, 208°F) DN (0.8365 g/mL at... 

The effect of structure on the physical properties is shown in the following table of the properties of the isomeric butyl alcohols —... 

Table 6.84 Physical Properties of tert-Butyl Alcohol (31)...

Many nonaqueous solvents have been proposed as suitable media for the determination of substances with weakly acidic properties or of their mixtures, but only some of them have found widespread use, because of their suitable characteristics and practical advantages. Thus, liquid ammonia and ethylene diamine (1,2-diaminoethane) show unsuitable physical characteristics and high basicity and absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide. Dimethyl sulfoxide and pyridine are unpleasant to use and dangerous in everyday work, although a series of chemical indicators have been established for use in these two solvents. On the other hand, N,N-dimethylform-amide (DMF) is a very popular solvent for the titration of acids and mixtures of acids, and isopropyl and -butyl alcohols show a large resolution of acid strength and allow to successfully solve acid mixtures. 

Physical properties Methyl isobutyl Methyl rj-butyl Ethyl rj-butyl Methyl rj-amyl Methyl isoamyl Dipropyl Diacetone alcohol... 

Chemical Designations — Synonyms Butanol Butyl Alcohol 1-Butanol 1-Hydroxybutane n-Propylcarbinol Chemical Formula CH3(CH2)2CH20H. Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Alcohol-like pungent strong characteristic mildly alcoholic, non residual. Physical and Chemical Properties — Physical State at 15 C and 1 atm. Liquid Molecular Weight 74.12 Boiling Point at 1 atm. 243.9,... 

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