2-butanone toxicity

Methyl-2-butanone Toxic 2-Butanone. 3-methyl- (8,9) (563-80-4) Thiophenol Benzenethiol (8,9) (108-98-5)... 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicoloffcal Profile for 2-Butanone. TP-91/08, 118pp. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1992... 

Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) and methyl isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-pentan-2-one) (6.8 mmol/kg bw for 3 days) increased the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride to Sprague-Dawley rats (Raymond Plaa, 1995a) this enhancement of toxicity was coincident with increased microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity (Raymond Plaa, 1995b). In addition to the effect on cytochrome P450, acetone, but not the other ketones, increased basal canalicular membrane fluidity, as measured by fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 -hexatriene or 1 - [4-(trimethylammoniumphenyl)-6-phenyl] -1,3,5 -hexa-triene (Raymond Plaa, 1996). 

The N-alkylation can be carried out with or without a solvent, using alkyl halides, tosylates, sulfates, phosphates, and for difficult cases the very powerful but extremely toxic methyl fluorosulfonate. Excess methyl and ethyl iodides are convenient solvents longer chain alkyl halides often are used with chloroform or tetrachloroethane as solvents. Ketones such as acetone and butanone have been used, and higher acyclic and alicyclic ketones have been claimed18 to give high yields of substantially pure salts. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, inhalation, and intravenous routes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Experimental reproductive effects. A corrosive. A skin and severe eye irritant. An allergen. Has been reported as causing irritation of mucous membranes and heart rhythm disturbances in humans. Violent reaction with water -(above 30°C), acetone + water, methanol, methanol + sodium hydrogen carbonate, 2-ethoxyethanol, dimethyl formamide, 3-butanone + sodium hydroxide + water, allyl alcohol + sodium hydroxide + water (at 28°C). When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of CL and NOx. See also CHLORIDES. 

Belinsky SA, Walker VE, Maronpot RR, Swenberg JA, Anderson MW. 1987. Molecular dosimetry of DNA adduct formation and cell toxicity in rat nasal mucosa following exposure to the tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(N-methyl-N-nit-rosami no)-1 -(3-pyridyl)-1 -butanone and their relationship to induction of neoplasia. Cancer Res. 47 6058-65... 

As ferroelectric material we use poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)). This copolymer is soluble in non-toxic reagents, for example 2-butanone. The preparation of organic and ferroelectric thin films via spin coating from solution is possible [13]. The polarisation field of P(VDF-TrFE) is relatively high, about 50 MV/m [14]. Here, a downscaling of the P(VDF-TrFE) film thickness into a range below 100 nm is necessary in order to use small bias voltages for polarisation. 

The volatile A-nitrosamines present in environmental tobacco smoke are one of the classes of toxic air contaminants of particular concern because of their carcinogenicity. The most important four tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) are A -nitrosonomicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitros-amino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK), A -nitrosoanabasine (NAB), and A -nitrosoanatabine (NAT). NNN and NNK are known to induce mahgnant tumors in mice, rats, and hamsters. The other nitrosamines do not exhibit significant tumoral activity. 

Acetone is the most important commercial ketone, with over 3 billion kilograms used each year. Both acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) are common industrial solvents. These ketones dissolve a wide range of organic matmals, have convenient boiling points for easy distillation, and have low toxicities. 

Synonyms Benzylidene acetone methyl 3-Benzylidene-2-butanone 3-Buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-phenyl- a-Methyl-o-benzalacetone 1-Methyl-1 -benzylidene-acetone Methyl o-methylstyryl ketone 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one Empirical C11H12O Properties M.w. 160.23 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 4100 mg/kg low toxicity by ing. TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors Uses Synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals... 

SWCNTs-porphyrin nanosensors have been fabricated for monitoring toxic substances in the enviromnent [215], Free-base, Ru and Fe octaethyl-and tetraphenyl-substituted porphyrins provided good selectivity and sensitivity to various VOCs tested (acetone, butanone, methanol, ethanol). Nonco-valently functionalized SWCNTs with iron tetraphenylporphyrin were used for benzene detection [216], SWCNTs noncovalently functionalized with copper phthalocyanine and free-base porphyrins were used as sensing layers for the detection of toluene [217]. Also, MWCNTs were used as sensors for benzene, toluene, and xylene, when fnnctionalized with metal tetraphenyl porphyrins [218], SWCNTs-poly(tetraphenylporphyrin) hybrid was prepared and tested as a low-power chemiresistor sensor for acetone vapor [219]. A chemiresistive sensor array was fabricated from SWCNTs noncovalently functionalized with metallo mcxo-tetraphenylporphyrins (Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), Co(III), Co(n), Ni(n), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) [220]. Its responses were treated by statistical analyses and allowed to classify VOCs into five classes alkanes, aromatics, ketones, alcohols, amines. Amines detection as an indicator of meat spoilage was achieved by the same group with the same sensor array [221]. 

Organic Solvents Organic solvents have been used for the reaction by oxidoreductase to solubilize hydro-phobic substrates, to construct a two-layer system using hydrophobic solvents to reduce the concentration of toxic substrate and product around enzymes in an aqueous layer, and to simplify the work-up procedure. Water miscible and immiscible solvents have been used. For example, sol-gel-encapsulated alcohol dehydrogenase (WHOA mutant of Thermoanerobacter ethanolicus) was used for asymmetric reduction of 4-phenyl-2-butanone to (5)-4-phenyl-2-butanol in hexane. ... 

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