Butane dimethyl ether

Holldorff, H. Knapp, H. Vapor pressures of n-butane, dimethyl ether, methyl chloride, methanol and the vapor-Uquid equilibrium of dimethyl ether - methanol experimental apparatus, results and data reduction Fluid Phase Equilib. 1988,40, 113-125... 

Constitutional isomerism is not limited to alkanes—it occurs widely throughout organic chemistry. Constitutional isomers may have different carbon skeletons (as in isobutane and butane), different functional groups (as in ethanol and dimethyl ether), or different locations of a functional group along the chain (as in isopropylamine and propylamine). Regardless of the reason for the isomerism, constitutional isomers are always different compounds with different properties, but with the same formula. 

Predict which substance in each of the following pairs has the greater viscosity in its liquid form at 0°C (a) ethanol, CH3CH2OH, or dimethyl ether, CH3OCH3 (b) butane, C4H10, or propanone, CH3COCH3. 

Drawings using arrows help us see why acetone has a larger dipole moment than dimethyl ether. The arrows show the charge displacement for each polar bond. Experimental values for the dipole moments are butane, 0 D methyl ethyl ether, 1.12 D and acetone, 2.88 D. 

Propyl nitrate is very sensitive to impact. However, this sensitivity is lowered when adding 1 to 2% of propane, butane, chloroform, dimethyl ether or diethyl ether. 

Dymethyl butane Dimethyl carbonate Dimethyl chloracetal Dimethyl ether, see Methyl ether Dimethylformamide... 

Methylenebis(oxy) ]bis(2-chloroformaldehyde), see Bis (2-chloroethoxy) methane Methylene chlorobromide, see Bromochloromethane Methylene dichloride, see Methylene chloride Methylene dimethyl ether, see Methylal Methyl 2,2-divinyl ketone, see Mesityl oxide Methylene glycol, see Formaldehyde Methylene glycol dimethyl ether, see Methylal Methylene oxide, see Formaldehyde Methyl ethanoate, see Methyl acetate (1 -Methylethenyl)benzene, see a-Methylstyrene Methyl ethoxol, see Methyl cellosolve 1-Methylethylamine, see Isopropylamine (l-Methylethyl)benzene, see Isopropylbenzene Methylethyl carbinol, see sec-Bntyl alcohol Methyl ethylene oxide, see Propylene oxide ds-Methylethyl ethylene, see cis-2-Pentene frans-Methylethyl ethylene, see frans-2-Pentene Methyl ethyl ketone, see 2-Bntanone Methylethylmethane, see Butane... 

Dahloff, G., Pfennig, A., Hammer, H., and van Oorschot, M. Vapor-liquid equilibria in quaternary mixtures of dimethyl ether + u-butane + ethanol + water, 7 Chem. Eng. Data, 45(5) 887-892, 2000. 

Early studies in this field [35, 36] indicated that a high surface-to-volume ratio, which represents a hurdle for gas-phase combustion, is instead an advantage for catalytic combustion. In fact the small scale enhances considerably the rate of gas-solid mass transfer, which favors the kinetics of the combustion process and compensates for the short residence time. Also, as is well established for large-scale systems, the presence of a catalytic phase allows for stable combustion at significantly lower temperature than traditional homogeneous burners [55, 56]. This makes the design and operation of microcombustors more fiexible. Several recent studies have explored the potential of catalytic microcombustors using H2 [37, 38, 50], methane [37], propane [52,53,57] and mixtures of H2 with propane [57], butane [38,47,52] and dimethyl ether [52]. 

Problem 13.4 Explain why (a) propanol boils at a higher temperature than the corresponding hydrocarbon b) propanol, unlike propane or butane, is soluble in H O (c) n-hexanol is not soluble in H O (dimethyl ether (CH,OCH,) and ethyl alcohol (CH,CH,OH) have the same molecular weight, yet dimethyl ether has a lower boiling point (-24°C) than ethyl alcohol (78°C). M... 

Methanol can be converted to hydrocarbons over acidic catalysts. However, with the exception of some zeolites, most catalysts deactivate rapidly. The first observation of hydrocarbon formation from methanol in molten ZnCl2 was reported in 1880, when decomposition of methanol was described to yield hexamethylbenzene and methane.414 Significant amounts of light hydrocarbons, mostly isobutane, were formed when methanol or dimethyl ether reacted over ZnCl2 under superatmo-spheric pressure.415 More recently, bulk zinc bromide and zinc iodide were found to convert methanol to gasoline range (C4-C13) fraction (mainly 2,2,3-trimethyl-butane) at 200°C with excellent yield (>99%).416... 

More than one stable substance can correspond to a given molecular formula. Examples are butane and 2-methylpropane (isobutane), each of which has the molecular formula C4H10. Similarly, methoxymethane (dimethyl ether) and ethanol have the same formula, C2H60 ... 

Phase behavior studies with poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate), poly (ethylene-co-butyl acrylate), poly(ethylene-co-acrylic add), and poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) were performed in the normal alkanes, their olefinic analogs, dimethyl ether, chlorodifluoromethane, and carbon dioxide up to 250 °C and 2,700 bar. The backbone architecture of the copolymers as well as the solvent quality greatly influences the solution behavior in supercritical fluids. The effect of cosolvent was also studied using dimethyl ether and ethanol as cosolvent in butane at varying concentrations of cosolvent, exhibiting that the cosolvent effect diminishes with increasing cosolvent concentrations. 

Figure 3. Cloud-point curves for EAA3 9 in butane, butene, and dimethyl ether (DME) [3],...

FIGURE 8.8 Magnetic field dependence for the photolysis of a series of benzoyl containing molecules in cyclohexanol solution obtained by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of the carbonyl group of the resulting benzoyl radical. Key 1 = a,a,a-trimethylacetophenone, 2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone, 3 = 1-benzoylcyclohexanol, 4 = 2-hydroxy-2-methy Ipropiophenone, 5 = benzoin, 6 = methyl ether benzoin, 7 = dimethyl ether benzoin, 8 = 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-methyl-benzyl)-l-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenyl)-butan-l-one. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intravenous route. Inhalation can cause hypotension and methemoglobinemia. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. A shock-sensitive explosive. It can be desensitized by the addition of 1-2% propane, butane, chloroform, dimethyl ether, or diethyl ether. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. Used as a fuel ignition promoter, chemical intermediate, and in the manufaemre of rocket fuels. See also NITRATES and ESTERS. 

Dimethyl ditellurium is formed when methyl radicals, generated by thermal decomposition of methane butane, diethyl ether, or dimethyl ether interact with tellurium mirrors. Because dimethyl ditellurium can be prepared more conveniently by other methods, these reactions are not of synthetic importance. However, this reaction is one of the two ways to prepare bis[trifluoromethyl] ditellurium. Thus, this compound was prepared through interaction of trifluoromethyl radicals with tellurium tetrachloride , tellurium tetrabromide " or tellurium "... 

A major current issue is the suppression of the use of CFCs due to ozone depletion. Other liquid propellants (134a, 227, or dimethyl ether) are not used as easily as the CFCs and formulation is very difficult. So, many of these dosage forms disappeared or were substituted by saltcellar systems. The use of very volatile solvents, such as volatile silicone, can be proposed if their boiling point is close to room tempera-ture, the use of butane is not recommended due to the explosion risks. 

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