Butan aqueous solution data

Given in the literature are vapor pressure data for acetaldehyde and its aqueous solutions (1—3) vapor—liquid equilibria data for acetaldehyde—ethylene oxide [75-21-8] (1), acetaldehyde—methanol [67-56-1] (4), sulfur dioxide [7446-09-5]— acetaldehyde—water (5), acetaldehyde—water—methanol (6) the azeotropes of acetaldehyde—butane [106-97-8] and acetaldehyde—ethyl ether (7) solubility data for acetaldehyde—water—methane [74-82-8] (8), acetaldehyde—methane (9) densities and refractive indexes of acetaldehyde for temperatures 0—20°C (2) compressibility and viscosity at high pressure (10) thermodynamic data (11—13) pressure—enthalpy diagram for acetaldehyde (14) specific gravities of acetaldehyde—paraldehyde and acetaldehyde—acetaldol mixtures at 20/20°C vs composition (7) boiling point vs composition of acetaldehyde—water at 101.3 kPa (1 atm) and integral heat of solution of acetaldehyde in water at 11°C (7). 

The rate of hydrolysis of propane sultone in aqueous solution is essentially independent of pH over the pH range 4-9, consistent with a BAL-E1 mechanism (equation 96). At higher pH values, however, in aqueous aprotic solvents the rate of hydrolysis increases and is attributable to an increasing contribution to the overall rate from concurrent bimolecular attack at sulphur (equation 97). Oxygen-18 tracer experiments confirmed that at pH >12, the hydrolysis of propane sultone proceeds with 14% sulphur-oxygen bond fission. The relative rates of hydrolysis at pH > 7 in 65% aqueous acetone of five-membered six-membered open-chain sulphonates (propane sultone, butane-1,4-sultone and of ethyl ethanesulphonate) were found to be 37 1 7126. The enthalpies of activation of all three compounds were very similar and the difference in rates were attributed to differences in entropies of activation ( — 17.1, —24.0 and —17.9 e.u., respectively). These data, however, are composite values. It is not possible to compare the kinetic acceleration for attack at sulphur in aliphatic sultones because both the six-membered sultone and the open-chain sulphonate hydrolyse exclusively with carbon-oxygen bond fission, within the limits of experimental detection. 

In Figure 15.15, corrosion inhibition efficiency data are particularly shown for systems containing the surfactant ARIS in structurally distinct media. The metal surface affected was API5LX Gr X42 steel. The surfactant was previously dissolved in NaCl aqueous solutions, at 0.5 M or 1.0 M salt concentrations. The tests were carried out either using micellar or microemulsion systems, at 30°C and 60°C. The microemulsion system was prepared with the surfactant NaCl aqueous solutions, butan-l-ol as cosurfactant CIS ratio = 1.0) and kerosene as oil phase. 

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