Business control

Within this organization, corporate center departments make suggestions and prepare decisions, but they have no management responsibility in relation to the operating units. Corporate center costs are carried separately in the P L statement, and not allocated to the businesses. Thus, businesses control their total cost without corporate charges. 

FIGURE 8 Waste generation versus business control. 

About 8 30 A.M. the operator ignited the burner. He adjusted the fuel rate to produce a flame between 12 and 24 inches (0.6 m) high. About 9 30 A.M., the operations foreman returned to this busy control room, and noticed that the natural gas flow to the heater was noticeably increased. Immediately, a team member cut the natural gas flow rate to about one-quarter of the existing flow. 

The use of these techniques is an important element of industrial policy since they contribute to the creation of a business friendly regulatory environment allowing the combination of measures taken for internal organisational reasons and obligations of certification without lowering the level of safety to be achieved. Wlienever possible a choice between product control and quality assurance procedures is offered to manufacturers. 

Local government control, nationali2ation, and pohtical unrest also can cause shortages, and business manipulations to alter prices and supply are common. 

A. L. Brody and L. M. Shepherd, ModfiedJ Controlled Atmosphere Packaging An Emergent Food Marketing Revolution, Schofland Business Research, Inc., Princeton, N.J., 1987. 

Dow Fire and Explosion Index. The Dow Eire and Explosion Index (3) is a procedure usehil for determining the relative degree of hazard related to flammable and explosive materials. This Index form works essentially the same way as an income tax form. Penalties are provided for inventory, extended temperatures and pressures, reactivity, etc, and credits are appHed for fire protection systems, process control (qv), and material isolation. The complete procedure is capable of estimating a doUar amount for the maximum probable property damage and the business intermptionloss based on an empirical correlation provided with the Index. 

Medical uses for Udel resin include surgical trays, nebulizers, flow controllers for blood, and respiration regulators. Transportation applications center around automotive fuse housings, electrical connectors, and switches. Electrical and electronic end uses include coil bobbins, housings, connectors, bushings, capacitor film, and business machine parts. EinaHy, water, heater dip tubes, milking machine parts, pollution control equipment, and some filtration membranes are made. 

Income statements are veiy useful tools to assist management in controlling a business and planning for the future. Since management needs to follow the trends of the normal expenses, extraordinaiy expenses such as those incurred as a result of a major fire or flood should be shown separately. 

Table 9-40 is a very simplified presentation. In a full standard costing system, the direct material, direc t labor, and overhead variances are broken down into component pai ts to enable an even closer look at the operation. Standard costing is an invaluable aid to management for controlling a business. 

Understanding the Reactive Chemicals and Reactive Chemicals Systems Involved The main business of most chemical companies is to manufacture products through the control of reactive chemicals. The reactivity that makes chemicals useful can also make them hazardous. Therefore, it is essential that people who design or operate chemical processes understand the nature of the reactive chemicals involved. 

The systematic application of management policies, procedures, and practices to the tasks of analyzing, assessing, and controlling risk in order to protect employees, the general public, and the environment, as well as company assets, while avoiding business interruptions... 

Iron and steel industries have been concerned with emissions from their furnaces and cupolas since the industry started. Pressures for control have forced the companies to such a low level of permissible emissions that some of the older operations have been closed rather than spend the money to comply. The companies controlling these operations have not gone out of business but rather have opened a new, controlled plant to replace each old plant. Table 6-3 illustrates the changes in the steelmaking processes that have occurred in the United States. 

As the name implies, these operations, if uncontrolled, can cause a serious air pollution problem. The main problem is the odors associated with the process. Examples of such industries are tanning works, rendering plants, and many of the food processing plants such as fish meal plants. In most cases, the emissions of particulates and gases from such plants are not of concern, only the odors. Requiring these industries to locate away from the business or residential areas is no longer acceptable as a means of control. 

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