Burden sharing

Germany is relatively close to its target of the European Burden-Sharing Agreement for the Kyoto Protocol which is equal to 21%. The greenhouse gases included in the Kyoto Protocol have been reduced by about 18.5% by the end of 2003. 

The emissions reduction goal, which Germany accepted within the framework of the European Burden Sharing Agreement (BSA) for the Kyoto Protocol, is a fixed central guideline for determining the cap. A medium emissions level of 846 Mt CO2 equivalents for the 2008-2012 period results from the 21% reduction target (base year 1990/1995). 

According to the EU Burden Sharing Agreement (BSA) of the Kyoto protocol, Sweden s emissions for 2008-2012 may increase by 4% compared to the 1990 level. This is in contrast to the EU Kyoto commitment of a reduction of 8%. The reason why Sweden could negotiate an increase in emissions can largely be explained by the fact that Sweden... 

The interpretation of fair competition rules used by the Commission during NAP assessment seems not to have considered the legal nature of the national GHG emission limits. Within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol agreement and later the Burden Sharing Agreement (BSA) each EU country has a national cap of GHG emission defined for the period 2008-2012. The legal implementation of these requirements in the EU could have been easily done by applying... 

The Burden Sharing Agreement or so-called European Bubble allows the EU to reallocate its overall Kyoto target of —8% among the different EU Member States. In June 1998, a political agreement has been reached on the allocation of emission reduction efforts within the EU. The reduction commitments of each EU Member State can be found in the Communication from the Commission to... 

Under the Kyoto Protocol, the EU has agreed to an 8% reduction in its greenhouse gas emissions by 2008-2012, compared to the base year 1990. The reductions for each of the EU-15 countries have been agreed under the so-called EU Burden sharing agreement, which allows some countries to increase emissions, provided these are offset by reductions in other Member States. 

Huber, M., 2003 Lessons Drawn from Burden Sharing Exercises. EC Acidification and Climate Change Policies, How Institutions Change, Leske + Budrich, Opladen, p 301-324. 

We find that linking has three distinct political implications an ambivalent effect on the international climate policy agenda, facilitating the acceptance of climate policy at the domestic level, and, third, it can work as a signalling mechanism in the context of global burden-sharing. 

Enhanced domestic policy acceptance with a fair global burden-sharing Regulatory Possible violation of prioritized policy objectives due to incompatible designs Reduced regulatory leeway... 

Based on the 5% reduction target, assuming an equal burden-sharing between the 75% of covered emissions and the 25% of non-covered emissions, Australia s allowances in 2020 would be around 374 MtCO e (based on data in Department of Climate Change, 2008c). The EU ETS will allocate in 2020 around 1,720 MtCO e, which is based on a 20% reduction target relative to 1990, and does not include aviation and other sources to be covered from 2013 onwards (European Commission, 2008). 

A strategy for stabilizing uncommon or reactive oxidation states is to have the burden shared by more than one... 

Suhrke, A. (1998) Burden-Sharing during Refugee Emergencies The Logic ofCoDective Action Versus National Action. ... 

Thielemann, E. (2003) Between Interests and Norms Burden-Sharing in the European Union. Journal of Refugee... 

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