Building test results

Figure 18. Summary of pre-engineered building test results...

Fig l8 summarizes the pre-engineered building test results including the free-field pressures, frame, girt,and panel displacement,and a brief description of typical damage for each test. 

There is some uncertainty connected with testing techniques, errors of characteristic measurements, and influence of fectors that carmot be taken into account for building up a model. As these factors cannot be evaluated a priori and their combination can bring unpredictable influence on the testing results it is possible to represent them as additional noise action [4], Such an approach allows to describe the material and testing as a united model — dynamic mathematical model. 

The American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) recommends 250 ml of solution for every square inch of area of test metal. Exposure time is also critical. Often it is desirable to extrapolate results from short time tests to long service periods. Typically, corrosion is more intense in its early stages (before protective coatings of corrosion products build up). Results obtained from short-term tests tend to overestimate corrosion rates which often results in an overly conservative design. 

Flow Tests. Results of the flow tests are shown in Figures 3 through 6. Figure 3 shows the results of a typical run with a brine saturated sand pack wherein a 300 ppm polymer solution in 1 wt% NaCl was injected at a pH of 8.26. Before this, steady state conditions were established in the core by injecting 1 wt% NaCl. The pH values were stabilized at 8.0 and viscosity at around 1.1 cp. The pressure drop across the core stayed constant up to about 8 PV of polymer injection, the pH stayed in the acidic range, and effluent viscosity was consistently lower than the influent value. At about 8 PV the pressure drop started to build and within 2 PV, increased up to about 100 psi essentially plugging the core. No polymer was eluted until the end of the run. 

It makes sense to use data mining of structural features and molecular properties to assist in the building of alerts for more precise structural features. Various in vitro testing results can be used to describe structures at the compound and feature levels. These profiles can be used either to build weight of evidence strategies or as predictors for prediction models. 

Performance Qualification. Performance qualification (PQ) is a process to demonstrate that an instrument can fulfill the requirements outlined in the user requirements. The PQ can be demonstrated by running a typical application in the user requirements which requires the system components to function together properly to deliver the expected test results. The flow of the sequence of events from requirements preparations to system delivery (or system building) to instrument qualification, and the relationship between the requirements and the qualification processes, are outlined in Figure 9.2. 

One of the major noneconomic barriers to the use of rubber for paving in the past has been the lack of long-term test results. Some of the roads installed 15 to 20 years ago are still not worn out. Test controls are required because well designed asphalt roads may also sometimes last that long. Many of the test results are now available and more states are looking toward A-R and RUMAC. However, not many states, if any, are completely satisfied with either A-R or RUMAC to the extent that they are using either on a routine basis to build their new roads. 

From the test results listed in Tables 15.2 and 15.3, and from the experience gained in building and running continuous WEO apparatus for some years, the author will make some brief comments on a suitable material for WEO. 

There are two reference heights above ground of interest to this analysis first, the height at which standard corrosion tests are usually made, about 1 m. Secondly, the appropriate average height for buildings or structures to which these test results may be applied ... 

The assessment question of concern here is the application of these test results to real buildings. Use of damage functions such as developed by Lipfert et al. (3) or Haynie (O implies a direct 1 1 correspondence regardless of size or configuration, in addition to the assumption that the time-of-wetness (presence of liquid film) will be unaffected by size, shape, or surface orientation. 

Retrospective validation could also be employed to provide additional data to supplement prospective validation and either build confidence in a particular manufacturing process or impugn it as test results are received. 

ERA issued the required report to Congress in October of 1992." Twenty-two federal agencies reported radon testing results." Twenty-three agencies did not report radon testing results to ERA and claimed various exemptions from the statutory requirements." The reported results indicated that 95.9 percent of the measurements for the buildings tested had no results at or... 

In this simulated-data example, a twelve-story shear building is considered. It is assumed that this building has uniformly distributed floor mass and uniform stiffness across the height. The mass per floor is taken to be 100 metric tons, while the interstory stiffness is chosen to be k = 202.767 MN/m so that the first five modal frequencies are 0.900,2.686,4.429,6.103 and 7.680 Hz. The covariance matrix is diagonal with the variances corresponding to a 1.0% coefficient of variation of the measurement error of the squared modal frequencies and mode shapes for all modes, a reasonable value based on typical modal test results. For the simulated modal data, a sample of zero-mean Gaussian noise with covariance matrix was added to the exact modal frequencies and mode shapes. 

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