Characterization of foams

Near the surface, a high ( 70 vol.%) gas content structure, polyhedral foam is usually formed. Below the surface is a low ( 70 vol.%) gas content structure called a spherical foam (or kugelschaum or gas emulsion). 

The foam number, F, is often used for a crude comparison of foams and is defined as  

Rupture occurs easily in top layer since forces are less balanced. Also thin films are subjected to external disturbances. 

Polyederschaum concentrated gas system with high gas volume and thin films 

Kugelschaum (dilute system) with lower gas volume and thick films 

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Brissonet, R, Maujean, A. (1993). Characterization of foaming proteins in a champagne base wine. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 44, 297-301. 

Nguyen, C., Riska, G., Hawrylak, G., and Malihi, F., Characterization of Foam Properties in Light Duty Liquid Dishwashing Products, presented at the AOCS Symposium, Cincinnati, OF1, May 4—7, 1989. 

Blumwald, E., Aharon, G.S., and Lam, B.C.H. (1998). Early signal transduction pathways in plant-pathogen interactions, Trends Plant Sci., 3,342-346. Boiler, T. (1987). Hydrolytic enzymes in plant disease resistance, Plant-Microbe Interactions Molecular and Genetic Perspectives, 2,385 113. Brissonnet, F. and Maujean, A. (1993). Characterization of foaming proteins in a champagne base wine, Am. J. Enol. Vide., 44, 297-301. 

Hosur, M.V., Abdullah, M., and Jeelani, S. (2005) Manufacturing and low-velocity impact characterization of foam filled 3-D integrated core sandwich composites with hybrid face sheets. Composite Structures, 69, 167-181. 

Geng F, Zeng WM, MaYL (2013) Preparation and characterization of foam-Ni deposit Pt and Pd catalysts for alkaUne fuel cell. Dianyuan Jishu 37 387-389... 

Schmidt, V. C. R. and Laurindo, J. B. 2010. Characterization of foams obtained from cassava starch, cellulose fibres and dolomitic limestone by a thermopressing process. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53 185-192. 

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