Bufo vulgaris

Bufotenine was isolated from skin and parotid gland of the toad Bufo vulgaris in 1893, and from plants and mushrooms. It is also foimd in the toad Bufo marinus that lives in the southern part of the United States and the Caribbean, and in Bufo alvarius, found in the southwestern United States. Amazon explorers had described poisoning by toad and mushroom preparations more than 400 years ago. Street names include black stone, Chan Su, Chinese love stones, cohoba, rock hard. Stud 100, and toad. 

Toad, Bufo vulgaris, embryos 874 mg B/L, as boric acid. Exposure for 24 h from 2-cell stage to tailbud stage... 

Toxins bufotenin, bufotenidin, bufoviridin, bufo-talin, bufotoxin, bufinin found in skin glands of Bufo vulgari common toad and related species. All hallucinogens affect Na/K ATPase. 

Kihira et al. have found that the principal bile salt of the caecilian, Dermophis mexicanus, is a sulfate ester of 5 8-dermophol, 5y8-cholestane-3a,7a,12a,25,26,27-hexol [6]. 5j8-Dermophol was also found as a minor constituent of the bile of the toad, Bufo vulgaris formosus [6]. 

In 1934, Shimizu and Oda isolated a major bile acid from the toad, Bufo vulgaris formosus, which they named trihydroxybufosterocholenic acid [48]. The structure of this bile acid was elucidated in 1967 by Hoshita et al. as 3a,7a,12a-trihydroxy-... 

A trihydroxycholestenoic acid was isolated as a major bile acid from bile of the toad, Bufo vulgaris formosus [70] and was characterized as (25/ )-3a,7a,12o(-trihy-droxy-5/8-cholest-23-en-26-oic acid by oxidation to 23-norcholic acid and hydrogenation to (25/ )-3a,7a,12a-trihydroxy-5j8-cholestan-26-oic acid [71]. The 5a isomer, 3a,7a,12a-trihydroxy-5a-cholest-23-en-26-oic acid, was recently detected as a minor bile acid in toad bile [46]. The bile of Varanus monitor contains as minor constituents 3a,7a,12a-trihydroxy-5j8-cholest-23- and 24-enoic acids [69]. The acid has been synthesized prior to its detection in nature [72]. 

Sodium sulfate, C H NaC sodium bufalin-3-sutJate, Uoln from Japanese toad Bufo vulgaris formosux K. Shlma da et at, Tetrahedron Letters 1974 2767. Colorless amorphous solid, mp 165.5-166.5. [ ]ff — 33. P (c = 0,05 in nHth nol),... 

Handovsky, H, 1920. Ein Alkaloid in Gifte von Bufo vulgaris " Archivfur Experiment-elle Pathologic undPharmakolo e%6 138— 158. 

Hydroxy-/V,/V-dimethyltryptamine Bufotenine From skin secretions ot the toad Bufo vulgaris. 

Constituent of poisonous secretion of toads (Bufo vulgaris), Ctyet,. from AcOBt or ( Hg. Decomp, above 100. Very sol. CHClg. I ar. sol. other org. solvents. [a]n 4 14 14°. Reduces Tollen s reagent in Py. 

Constituent of poisonous secretion of toads (Bufo vulgaris). Neeles from EtOH.Aq. M.p. 204 decomp. Sol. MeOH, Py. ar. sol. EtOH Insol. EtjjO, Me CO, AcOEt, CHCI3, pet. ether. Absorption max. at 300 mp. 

Constituent of poisonous, secretion of toads (Bufo vulgaris). Prisms from Me3C0-Et20. M.p. 146-7 . B.p. 320 /0 l mm. Very sol. MeOH, EtOH. Mod. sol. Me2CO. Spar. sol. Et20. Insol. O. Sol. dil. adds and alkalis. PeCl3 —>- bluisn-g n col. 

Bufotoxin the rrtain toxin in the venom of the European toad, Bufo vulgaris. The minimal lethal dose in cats is 390 pg/kg. See Toad toxins. 

Synthesized in skin glands of the common toad Bufo vulgaris, feeding deterrent... 

Trihydroxybufosterocholenic acid (XII) (Fig. 7) (3a,7a, 12a-trihydroxy-24-methyl-j22-coprostanic acid) is an example of a 28-carbon-atom bile acid first isolated from the bile of the toad, Bufo vulgaris, by Shimizu and Oda (51). All known C27 and Cga bile acids occur in nature as conjugates with the amino acid, taurine. There are several other acids in this group, which will be described in detail in subsequent chapters. 

This alcohol has been isolated from the bile of the carp (228). It may be the alcohol isolated much earlier from the toad Bufo vulgaris japonica) by Makino (229) and named tetrahydroxybufostane (194). 27-Deoxy-5a-cyprinol was prepared from anhydrocyprinol by Hoshita (230). Its 5,3-epimer may be an expected intermediate in the formation of trihydroxycoprostanic acid, but the alcohol has not been widely found. Both the 5 - and 5 -epimers of 27-deoxycyprinol were formed in toads given C-cholesterol (194). 

Exhaustive digestion of the jelly-coat of toad Bufo vulgaris) eggs with pronase yielded two glycopeptides containing different proportions of sialic acid. ... 

Ishii K, Ishii K, Kusakabe T. Chemo- and baroreceptor innervation of the aortic trunk of the toad Bufo vulgaris. Respir Physiol 1985 60 365-375. 

---