Bufo alvarius

Bufotenine was isolated from skin and parotid gland of the toad Bufo vulgaris in 1893, and from plants and mushrooms. It is also foimd in the toad Bufo marinus that lives in the southern part of the United States and the Caribbean, and in Bufo alvarius, found in the southwestern United States. Amazon explorers had described poisoning by toad and mushroom preparations more than 400 years ago. Street names include black stone, Chan Su, Chinese love stones, cohoba, rock hard. Stud 100, and toad. 

In addition to plant sources of hallucinogenic chemicals, several species of toads produce venom that has psychoactive properties. Members of the genus Bufo, particularly Bufo marinus and Bufo alvarius, contain bufotenine and 5-MeO-DMT. Typically toads are either licked or milked for their venom, which is then smoked or ingested. Alternatively, their dried skin may be smoked. 

Justicia pectoralis (Acanthaceae), Desmodium prulchellum (Fabaceae), Phalaris arundinacea, P. tuberosa (Poaceae), Virola sp. (Myristicaceae) [resin] Bufo alvarius (Sonoran desert toad) (psychoactive toad)... 

Erspamer, Net at 1965. 5-Methoxy and 5-hydroxyindolealkylamines in the skin of Bufo alvarius Experientia 21 504. 

Erspamer, Y etaL i 6j. 5-Mcthoxy-and5-hydroxyindoles in the skin of Bufo alvarius BiochemicalPharmacolo i6 1149-1164. 

Bufo garganizans Bufo marinus Bufo bufo bufo Bufo arenarum Bufo viridis Bufo regularis Bufo formosus Bufo alvarius Bufo fowleri... 

Methylbufotenin a toxin from the toad, Bufo alvarius (see Toad poisons) it has also been found in plants. In addition to its general properties as a toad poison, O-M. also has a psychotropic effect. The lowest fatal dose for mice is 7S mg per kg. 

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