Brugia pahangi

Bandi, C., McCall, J.W., Genchi, C., Corona, S., Venco, L. and Sacchi, L. (1999) Effects of tetracycline on the filarial worms Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis and their bacterial endosymbionts Wolbachia. InternationalJournalfor Parasitology 29, 357-364. 

Bosshardt, S.C., McCall, J.W., Coleman, S.H., Jones, KL., Petit, T.A. and Klei, T.L. (1993) Prophylactic activity of tetracycline against Brugia pahangi infection in Jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). Journal of Parasitology 79, 775-777. 

Sucharit, S., Viraboonchai, S., Panavut, N. and Harinasuta, C. (1978) Studies on the effects of tetracycline on Brugia pahangi infection in Aedes togoi. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 9, 55-59. 

Vincent, A.L., Portaro, J.K. and Ash, L.R. (1975) A comparison of the body wall ultrastructure of Brugia pahangi with that of Brugia malayi. Journal of Parasitology 63, 567-570. 

Bisoffi, M. and Betschart, B. (1996) Identification and sequence comparison of a cuticular collagen of Brugia pahangi. Parasitobgy 113, 145-155. 

Lewis, E., Hunter, S., Tetley, L., Nunes, C., Bazzicalupo, P. and Devaney, E. (1999) cMt-i-like genes are present in the filarial nematodes, Brugia pahangi and Brugia malayi, and, as in other nematodes, code for components of the cuticle. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 101, 173-183. 

Selkirk, M.E., Nielsen, L., Kelly, C., Partono, F., Sayers, G. and Maizels, R.M. (1989) Identification, synthesis and immunogenicity of cuticular collagens from the filarial nematodes Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi. Mokcular and Biochemical Parasitology 32, 229—246. 

Ham, P., Phiri, J. and Nolan, G. (1991) Effect of. Y-acetyl-D-glucosarmne on the migration of Brugia pahangi microfilariae into the haemocoel of Aedes aegypti. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 5, 485-493. 

Tweedie, S., Paxton, W.A., Ingram, L., Maizels, R.M., McReynolds, L.A. and Selkirk, M.E. (1993) Brugia pahangi a surface-associated glycoprotein (gpl5/400) is composed of multiple tandemly repeated units and processed from a 400-kDa precursor. Experimental Parasitology 76, 156-164. 

Nor, Z.M., Houston, K.M., Devaney, E. and Harnett, W. (1997b) Variation in the nature of attachment of phosphorylcholine to excretory-secretory products of adult Brugia pahangi. Parasitology 114, 257—262. 

Brugia pahangi CNS 1990 Cowden etal., 1993 Brownlee etal., 1993a,b, 1994 Fellowes etal., 1999 Warbrick etal., 1992... 

Warbrick, E.V., Rees, H.H. and Howells, R.E. (1992) Immunocytochemical localisation of a FMRFamide-like peptide in the filarial nematodes Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi. Parasitology Research 78, 252-256. 

Denham, D.A., S.L. Oxenham, I. Midwinter, and E.A.H. Friedheim. 1986. The antifilarial activity of a novel group of organic arsenicals upon Brugia pahangi. Jour. Helminthol. 60 169-172. 

Lammie PJ, Katz SP Immunoregulation in experimental filariasis. II. Responses to parasite and nonparasite antigens in jirds with Brugia pahangi. J Immunol 1983 130 1386-1389. 

The biosynthesis of ecdysteroids in filarial worms has been studied [75]. It has been shown that D. immitis and Brugia pahangi can not synthesize ecdysteroids from cholesterol. Further, no evidence was available to support the conversion of ecdysone (14) to 20-hydroxyecdysone (15). Not withstanding the fact that the basic studies regarding endocrinology of female worms are still not elaborate, interference of ecdysteroid biosynthesis and function in female helminths may provide... 

The action of DEC on adult filarial worms is species dependent. The drug shows only poor or no activity on the macrofilariae of L.carinii and D. viteae in rodents and Dirofilaria immitis and D.repens in dogs. The adult worms of O. volvulus are also not susceptible to DEC. However, DEC has been found to kill the adult worms of Brugia pahangi, B.malayi, W.bancrofti, L loa, Dipetalonema streptocerca and Setaria digitata in different animals [7,62]. 

Pennock JL, Behnke JM, Bickle QD, Devaney E, Grends RK, Isaac RE, Joshua GWR Selkirk ME, Zhang Y, Meyer DJ (1998) Rapid purification and characterization of L-dopachrome-methyl ester tautomerase (macrophage-migration-inhibitory factor) from Trichinella spiralis, Trichuris muris and Brugia pahangi. Biochem J 335 495 98... 

Powell, J. W., Stables, J. N. and Watt, R. A. (1986) An NMR study of the effect of glucose availability on carbohydrate metabolism in Dipetalonema viteae and Brugia pahangi. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 19 265-271. 

Mendis, A. H. W. and Townson, S. (1985) Evidence for the occurrence of respiratory electron-transport in adult Brugia pahangi and Dipetalonema viteae. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 14 337-354. 

Little work has been done on purine metabolism in other parasitic helminths. The dog heart worm, Dirofilaria immitis (73) and Brugia pahangi, a filarial worm of cats and primates, lack de novo purine biosynthesis (74). Thus the parasitic helminths is a group where purine metabolism is largely unexplored. 

Nematodes also appear to salvage preformed pyrimidines. The microfilariae of D. immitis incorporates uracil and uridine into RNA (73). Thymidylate synthase activity is also present (116,117). Similar results were found with Pangrellus silusiae (118), Caenorhabditis briggsae (119) and Brugia pahangi (116). 

Jaffe, J. J., Comley, J. C. W. and Chrin, L. R. (1982) Thymidine kinase activity and thymidine salvage in adult Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis. Mol. Biochem. Parastitol. 5 361-370. 

Isaac, R. E., Muimo, R. and Macgregor, A. N. (1990) N-acetylation of serotonin, octopamine and dopamine by adult Brugia pahangi. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 43 193-198. 

Lack of De Novo Sterol Biosynthesis in Nematodes. The dietary requirement tor sterol results from the lack ofde novo sterol biosynthesis in nematodes. Species In which radiolabeled acetate or mevalonate are not converted to radiolabeled sterol Include T. aceti (14, 15), Caenorhabditls (15) and the animal parasites AscarTs (l6), Dirof aria immitis (17), and Brugia pahangi (17). On occasion, radiolabeled sterols Identified by thin-layer cRromatography have been detected from nematodes incubated with radiolabeled acetate in the lone case in which such compounds were further characterized by gas-liquid chromatography, the radiolabeled components possessed retention times much earlier than cholesterol (16). 

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