Broadening of the spectrum

An estimate of the dissociation constant for ATP at the site involved in broadening of the spectrum would facilitate... 

In the evaluation of the echo positions we retain only those terms in Eqs. (35) and (36), which contribute to the inhomogeneous broadening of the spectrum and the isotropic part (Z = 0) is neglected. It has no net contribution to the inhomogeneous phase dispersion that results from the distribution of crystallite orientations in the powder, and will be reentered in the calculation in Section 4. In the limit of fast MAS, time-dependent terms (k 5 0) may also be dropped, as they contribute only to the sideband formation. After elimination of Z = 0 and k Q terms, Eqs. (35) and (36) reduce to... 

The CO radical in the latter case was generated by the radiolysis of sodium formate in potassium bromide matrix The broadening of the spectrum (full width at half maximum 40 cm ) is consistent with the model of a radical adsorbed on the electrode surface. 

The IR spectrum of the hydrated 7.6 mole % Mn-SPS, was difficult to Interpret duetto the broadening of the spectrum between 1160 cm and 1235 cm. However, the symmetric stretching of the... 

The effect of wQ on the enzyme was examined by comparing the EPR spectra of lysine-labeled tryptophanase. Although the spin label is nonspecific, it can still provide molecular-level information about the enzyme under different conditions. EPR spectra of the spin-labeled enzyme in bulk water and in reverse micelles are shown in Figure 6. Much broader spectra were obtained in reverse micelles, and the calculated rotational correlation time of the attached label (101 increased with w0. Thus, the enzyme-bound spin label became more constrained as the water content of the reverse micelle decreased. Since the rotational correlation time of the entire protein in bulk water calculated from the Stokes-Einstein equation is about 200 nsec, the motion of the spin label was still rapid relative to the tumbling rate of the enzyme. Therefore, broadening of the spectrum was apparently caused by a change in the local dynamics of tryptophanase rather than by a decrease in the enzyme s overall rotation rate. The tumbling rate of the enzyme could have decreased as well, however. 

As discussed in the chapter on solvent power, most concepts are related historically to paint application, either as diluents or solvents for natural binders, synthetic resins and polymers. At first the requirements tended to be rather low, both in solvent power and sophistication. However, with the broadening of the spectrum of binders and application techniques the criteria for solvent selection became sharper and the formulations more complex. 

To observe substantial effects on REPs, we have to turn to totally symmetric vibrations, especially those involving long progressions. For F A, these REPs can be obtained by replacing the individual maxima of Eq. (23) by Lorentzians. The result is a simple broadening of the spectrum where bands overlap, the total cross section is the sum of the contributions of each band. For A F, on the other hand, the total cross section is given by expressions of the form... 

In the case of gases, one should also consider that the atoms move with relatively large velocities and thus the energy of the emitted y rays is modifted by the Doppler shift. This will cause a smearing out of both the emission and absorption lines and lead to an additional broadening of the spectrum peaks, which is called the Doppler or thermal broadening. 

Adsorption - adhesive interactions of polymer with a siuface of a filler limiting mobility of its kinetic fragments in a boundary layer results in increase of activation energy of relaxation process in this area and broadening of the spectrum of times of a structural relaxation [7]. 

The results are very encouraging apart from an overestimated broadening of the spectrum, which can be attributed to the approximations introduced as well as to the short propagation time due to the computational cost of excited-state Bom-Oppen-heimer dynamics on TD-DFT PESs. It is easy to foresee that fumre developments and increase of computational power wiU make this approach more and more satisfactory. 

The broadening of the spectrum upon treatment at 790 K is similar to observations made when calcium carbonate single crystals are subject to argon ion bombardment. The defects induced in the calcium oxide component of the catalyst cannot be caused by an initial reduction of the oxide, because calcium oxide is stable to hydrogen at 790 K. The defects may be indicative of the formation of a ternary calcium iron oxide since there is no observed increase in the dispersion of calcium, which would be associated with a disintegration of the CaO crystals. It should be pointed out that the other structural promoter element, aluminum, exhibits the same spectral changes in its A12 emission. The dispersion of the alumina increases, however, with reduction of the catalyst, particularly when the wet reduction method is applied (see Table 2.1). 

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