Brief Historical Review

1 Alfred Werner and the First Resolved Cobalt (III) Coordination Complex 

Chirality in Transition Metal Chemistry Molecules, Supramolecular Assemblies and Materials H. Amouri and M. Gruselle 2008 John Wiley Sons,Ltd. ISBN 978-0-470-06053-7 

Enantioselective crystallization of the (+)-(2.4)-Br salt starting from a slightly enriched (+)-(2.4)-Br solution by addition of methanol. 

This experiment was in fact a rediscovery, several years later, of the work of Gernez (a student of Pasteur) on the crystallization of one of the enantiomeric tartrates from a supersaturated solution by seeding with a pure enantiomeric crystal.This method is known as resolution by entrainment. 

We will return later to the first resolution of octahedral complexes as it embodies numerous concepts, which we will need to explain the general principles of chirality in the field of coordination chemistry. Meanwhile, we will quickly retrace the long route, which led to the concept of molecular asymmetry and chirality. 

---

After a brief historical review in Chapter 1 the following five chapters provide a short summary of the general methods of preparation of plastics materials and follow on by showing how properties are related to chemical structure. These particular chapters are largely qualitative in nature and are aimed not so much at the theoretical physical chemist but rather at the polymer technologist and the organic chemist who will require this knowledge in the practice of polymer and compound formulation. 

DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF THE FIGURE OF THE EARTH (BRIEF HISTORIC REVIEW)... 

With this book I hope to address different groups in the scientific community. For beginners in the field a comprehensive overview of the topic is given in ten chapters, including a brief historical review and safety tips. The practitioner will find inspiration for instrumentation as well as examples of applications ranging from photonic crystals to biochips. For experts the book may serve as a quick reference with more than 150 technical tables, diagrams and micrographs, as well as ca. 1000 references cited for easy access to in-depth information. 

The three main separation processes between solid, gas, and liquid have long been known, while solvent extraction is a relatively new separation technique, as is described in the brief historical review in next two sections. Nevertheless, because all solutes (organic as well as inorganic) can be made more or less soluble in aqueous and organic phases, the number of applications of solvent extraction is almost limitless. Since large-scale industrial solvent extraction is a continnons process (in contrast to laboratory batch processes) and can be... 

Munn provides a brief historical review of how these particular issues came to be important (Munn and Maarouf, 1997). Historically, each air issue has been treated as... 

A brief historical review of the concept of living polymers and its ramifications is followed by consideration of various mechanisms of anionic polymerizations. The pertinent papers presented in this meeting are surveyed. Special attention is devoted to polymerizations involving Li counterions proceeding in hydrocarbon solvents. It is stressed that living and dormant polymers participate in such reactions and the consequences of their presence are deduced. 

Some of tlie concepts mentioned in this brief historical review have long since been abandoned or altered. 

Studies of atmospheric properties using IR spectroscopy techniques have been reported in the literature for nearly 100 years. This paper presents a brief historical review of the development of this area of science and discusses the common features of spectrographic instruments. Two state of the art instruments on opposite ends of the measurement spectrum are described. The first is a fast response iri situ sensor for the measurement of the exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the earth s surface. The second is a rocketborne field-widened spectrometer for upper atmosphere composition studies. The thesis is presented that most improvements in current measurement systems are due to painstakingly small performance enhancements of well understood system components. The source, optical and thermal control components that allow these sensors to expand the state of the art are detailed. Examples of their application to remote canopy photosynthesis measurement and upper atmosphere emission studies are presented. 

Ten years ago Kawamura (1 ) published a brief historical review on this reaction in memory of the sixtieth anniversay of its first report by Louis-Camille Maillard (2. The first Maillard paper was presented on January 8, 1912, by Armand Emile Justin Gautier (1837-1920) in a session of the Academy of Sciences in Paris. Six weeks earlier (November 27, 1911) a remarkable study was reported by Maillard (3) on the condensation of amino acids by use of glycerol. The method of peptide synthesis by Emil Hermann Fischer (1835-1919) was known to him. However, Maillard searched for milder conditions. 

As mentioned earlier, this paper will stress homogeneous nucleation not only because of its applicability to a broad range of monomers and to systems both aqueous and organic, but also because several features are applicable to systems undergoing heterogeneous nucleation and which were not considered in the original Smith-Ewart theory. To begin with, a brief historical review is in order. 

In most chapters, a brief historical review depicts the evolution of relevant concepts. The state of the art emerges, and a bridge to future developments guides the reader toward what still needs to be done. The abundant references should be a valuable resource for the future specialist. 

A brief historical review of the work in the area of organic fibers will be helpful in placing things in perspective. We begin with the discovery of nylon. Nylon was discovered and commercialized by Du Pont in 1938 (Magat and Morrison,... 

In the following sections, a brief historical review of expert systems is given. 

Choonara I, Rieder MJ (2002) Drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions in children—a brief historical Review. Paediatr Perinat Drug Ther 5 12-18... 

The development of the chemistry of nitro sugars through 1951 has been comprehensively discussed in a previous Volume,3 and in that connection, ample reference has also been made to the fundamental reactions, rooted in general aliphatic chemistry, upon which were based the syntheses and transformations of nitro sugar derivatives accomplished by then. The present Chapter can therefore be limited largely to work that has appeared subsequently. Still, a brief historical review appears to be desirable. 

The inescapable conclusion to be drawn from this brief historical review is that although the kind of biochemical research on malaria parasites between 1938 and 1955 was restricted to the animal models then in vogue it was principally influenced by the availability and sources of funding. 

In this paper, we provide both a brief historical review of the polarimetric researches of comets and analysis of the observed angular and spectral characteristics of linear and circular polarization of the scattered solar light by dust particles in order to reveal principal regularities in the polarimetric properties of cometary dust. 

Vail, J,G, "Soluble Silicates" 1 and ACS Monograph Series 116 Reinhold Publishing Corp, New York, 1951 (Chap. 1, especially p. 4-7, gives a brief historical review),... 

Baker, H.G. Baker, I. (1983). A brief historical review of the chemistry of floral nectar. In Bentley, B. Elias, T.S. (Eds.) The biology of nectaries. Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-04446-2, New York, USA... 

This brief historical review is meant only to give a general sense of the development of the field. Several excellent review articles, and the references cited therein, deal with these topics in greater detail, and the reader is referred to them for such information (Vickery and Schmidt, 1931 Boyer, 1959 Light and Smith, 1963 Blackburn, 1968 Hirs and Timasheff, 1972 Glazer et al, 1975). 

There are other high performance polymers, such as polysulfone (PSF) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) that will briefly be discussed later in regards to blends. This section of the chapter is certainly not meant to be an exhaustive review of high performance blends. In fact, a single book (DeMeuse 2014) has already been devoted to that topic in detail. It has been the purpose of this brief historical review to provide some information on the classes of polymers that will be the main topics of discussion in the blends results that are later described. 

Abstract Ion-conducting materials are used as cell separators in electrolysis cells for the double purpose of carrying electric charges between electrodes and separating the products formed at each electrode. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of chlor-alkali technology and associated cell separators. After a brief historical review of the chlor-alkali process, the main reaction characteristics (thermodynamics, cell reactions and kinetics) are detailed in Section 9.1. Main chlor-alkali technologies are described in Section 9.2. Main cell separators are described in Section 9.3 (diaphragm materials) and in Section 9.4 (membrane materials). Some improved electrolysis concepts are described in Section 9.5. 

KanfGtnan, G. B. "Early Iheoties of hfetal-Ammines A Brief Historical Review from Graham (1837) to Claus (1856)," J. Chem. Educ. 1974.51,522. 

Nowadays the concept of polymers (or, simply, big molecules) is easy to accept but this has not always been the case. The rise of the concept is of interest and a brief historical review is given below. 

---