Breath-hold imaging

Fig. 10.2.3. T2-weighted sagittal non-breath hold image of the pelvis shows a 53-year-old female with focal adenomyoma (asterisk) and concurrent fibroids...

Nevertheless, not all patients are suitable for MRl/MRA exams. Individuals with implanted metal devices (pacemakers, cerebral vascular clips, etc.) should not be considered for such imaging. Claustrophobia remains a relative contraindication. The exam may also be limited by respiratory movements, but with contrast-enhanced MRA the acquisition time has significantly decreased (approximately 20 seconds for a complete limb exam), making breath-hold image possible. 

Figure 3.16. Effect of respiratory movement on fused PET/CT image showing a cold spot due to low attenuation in the area of the displaced diaphragm during breath-hold CT scan. (Reprinted with permission from Parker et al at Web site, http //www. j pnm.org)...

Katayama M, Masui T, Kobayashi S et al (2001) Fat-suppressed T2-weighted MRI of the liver comparison of respiratory-triggered fast spin-echo, breath-hold singleshot fast spin-echo, and breath-hold fast-recovery fast spin-echo sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 14 439-449... 

Lee VS, Lavelle MT, Rofsky NM et al (2000) Hepatic MR imaging with a dynamic contrast-enhanced isotropic volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination feasibility, reproducibility, and technical quality. Radiology 215 365-372... 

McKenzie CA, Lim D, Ransil BJ et al (2004) Shortening MR image acquisition time for volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination with a recently developed parallel imaging reconstruction technique clinical feasibility. Radiology 230 589-594... 

Rofsky NM, Lee VS, Laub G et al (1999) Abdominal MR imaging with a volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination. Radiology 212 876-884... 

Lauenstein TC, Goehde SC, Herborn CU, Treder W, Ruehm SG, Debatin JF, Barkhausen J (2002) Three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold MR imaging for whole-body tumor staging in less than 15 minutes a feasibility study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179 445-449... 

Ascher SM, O Malley J, Semelka RC, Patt RH, Rajan S, Thomasson D (1999) T2-weighted MRI of the uterus fast spin echo vs. breath-hold fast spin echo. J Magn Reson Imaging 9 384-390... 

Masui T, Katayama M, Kobayashi S, Sakahara H, Ito T, Nozaki A (2001) T2-weighted MRl of the female pelvis comparison of breath-hold fast-recovery fast spin-echo and nonbreath-hold fast spin-echo sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 13 930-937... 

Note A body phased-array coil is recommended for acquisition of high-resolution TSE/FSE sequences and breath-hold sequences. Recommended for high-resolution imaging of pelvic lymph nodes (with administration of spasmolytic agent)... 

Motion artefacts may be reduced by faster imaging such as GE or FSE sequences. In cooperative children, some of these sequences can be performed during breath holding if necessary. 

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