Breadth of product

Strategic choices Needs of owner versus needs of firm Degree of integration market-share objective breadth of product line Entry and exit from industries allocation of resources by industry rate of growth... 

The highest global consumption of any plastic coupled with the many distinct types of commercially available polyethylenes are testament to the rich history of major innovations in products, processes and breadth of applications of polyethylene. This chapter will give a historical perspective of these innovations in polyethylene including a breadth of product applications of polyethylene and the impact of metallocene polyethylenes commercialized in last 15 years. A very recent innovation of olefin block copolymers by The Dow Chemical Company will be described and some remarks will be made on future product innovations and trends. 

BASF—Using Breadth of Product Line and Manufacturing Integration... 

The legally trained member of the interdisciplinary committee should provide insight as to the significance of the technological advance and as to whether any commercial product ultimately derived from the invention could be protected by an issued patent. Another important function of this person is to determine the scope of the invention based on preceding events, pubHcations, or activities which may have otherwise limited the breadth of the invention. To this end, U.S. law requires that an invention satisfy a number of prerequisites or requirements before issuing a patent novelty, nonobviousness, utiHty, and disclosure. 

The structural modification of natural products is useful in several ways. The known pharmacology of bisindole alkaloids is enriched by the diversity of chemical structures that are made available by structure modification and total synthesis. These molecules have served as biochemical probes in several areas of biology, especially in those of microtubule assembly and drug resistance. The most elusive prize, however, has remained the discovery of new compounds with clinical activity. In recent years several compounds have been evaluated in clinical trials, but vinblastine and vincristine remain the only bisindole alkaloids approved for the treatment of cancer in the United States. These compounds are joined by vindesine in Europe, and at least two new derivatives are the subject of ongoing clinical trials. Considering the breadth of chemical research in this area, the overall yield as measured by new compounds with clinical activity has been relatively low, but this observation is not unique in history of analog development in cancer research. Nevertheless, the search continues, and this chapter details the chemical endeavors to discover a new bisindole alkaloid with clinical activity. 

The metal-catalyzed decomposition of diazo compounds has broad applications in organic synthesis [1-8]. Transient metal carbenoids provide important reactive intermediates that are capable of a wide variety of useful transformations, in which the catalyst dramatically influences the product distribution [5]. Indeed, the whole field of diazo compound decomposition was revolutionized in the early 1970s with the discovery that dirhodium tetracarboxylates 1 are effective catalysts for this process [9]. Many of the reactions that were previously low-yielding using conventional copper catalysts were found to proceed with unparalleled efficiency using this particular rhodium catalysis. The field has progressed extensively and there are some excellent reviews describing the breadth of this chemistry [5, 7, 10-17]. 

The chemical industry is actually a set of related industries with many diverse functions and products. Certain raw materials are used to prepare key chemicals, monomers, and intermediates that may be sold independently or used directly in additional steps to give various polymers and end chemicals. These in turn can be formulated and fabricated into chemical products, which can sometimes be modified into finished products. There is a flow of materials and products from raw sources to finished formulations. Although the division is approximate, about 60% of the chemical industry manufactures industrial products that are further modified, whereas 40% of their products are sold directly to the consumer. Chemistry may not be a household word, but it should be. Actually, the older name for the Chemical Manufacturing sector is Chemicals and Allied Products, still used sometimes and a term that adequately describes the breadth of the industry. 

It is not possible, once the patent application is filed, to add further informahon. The applicant must therefore rely on the original disclosure which should be as complete and accurate as possible. Problems may arise if this is not the case. If the application does not describe the invention in sufficient detail, ideally across the full breadth of the monopoly claimed, the patent claims may be completely bad or their breadth may have to be reduced significantly. Thus, as much information as possible on how to carry out the invention should be given in the patent application. For example, if the patent application claims the production of a polypeptide in a host cell, and the only working example is its... 

Rigid foams are used for structural and insulation uses while the flexible materials are used for a vast variety of applications as seen in Figure 2.20. The versatility of polyurethane positions the product as unique in fire polymer world because of the breadth of applications. As we will show, small changes in chemistry can achieve a broad range of physical properties. This statement emphasizes the physical properties and serves as a testament, however, to the lack of chemical interest. It is supported by a description of the independent variables of density and stiffness and the range of products based on the primary attributes of polyurethanes. See Figure 2.21. 

---