Brazil southern

Brazil Southern Brazil No-tillage/ Oxisol 40,180 5.4 Sisti et al. (2004)... 

Because of the fine quality of its products Jamaica is commonly thought of as the home of rum. However, rum is produced in all countries where sugar cane is abundantly grown e.g., British Guiana, West Indies, Brazil, southern United States, Madagascar and the East Indies. 

Until December 2013, sugar cane production on Brazil southern region... 

Large deposits of monazite (found on the beaches of Travancore, India and in river sands in Brazil), ahanite (in the western United States), and bastnasite (in Southern California) will supply cerium, thorium, and the other rare-earth metals for many years to come. 

PETROSIX Operations in Brazil. Petroleo Brasderio (Petrobras) has a dedicated facdity to produce cmde shale oil from the Irati formation in southern Bra2d. The facdity is called the Oil Shale Industriali2ation Superintendency (SIX) and uses the PETROSIX retorting technology (see Table 7 and Fig. 3). 

Most operating plants that treat oxide copper and copper-cobalt ores are found in Central Africa and Southern Africa regions. A few operations exist in Chile, Brazil and Peru, where they treat mixed oxide sulphide ores or oxide copper gold ore. 

Santruckova H, Bird MI, Lloyd J (2000) Microbial processes and carbon-isotope fractionation in tropical and temperate grassland soils. Funct Ecol 14 108-114 Sisti CPJ, Dos Santos HP, Kohhann R, Alves BJR, Urquiaga S, Boddey RM (2004) Change in carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil under 13 years of conventional or zero tillage in Southern Brazil. Soil Fill Res 76 39-58... 

Specimens from southern Brazil are chemically defended against the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lima et al., submitted)... 

Monazite sands contain most of the rare-earths. The sands of the beaches of Florida and parts of Cahfomia contain monazite. Monazite is also found in South Africa, India, and Brazil. Bastnasite is found in southern Cahfomia and New Mexico. 

Gadohnium is the 40th most abundant element on Earth and the sixth most abundant of the rare-earths found in the Earths crust (6.4 ppm). Like many other rare-earths, gadolinium is found in monazite river sand in India and Brazil and the beach sand of Florida as well as in bastnasite ores in southern California. Similar to other rare-earths, gadolinium is recovered from its minerals by the ion-exchange process. It is also produced by nuclear fission in atomic reactors designed to produce electricity. 

Curry, N.A. Johnston, G.B. Besser, P.J. Mor-rish, A.H. (1965) Neutron diffraction measurements on pure and doped synthetic hematite crystals. Phil. Mag. 12 221-228 Da Costa, A.C.S. Bigham, J.M. Rhoton, F.E. Traina, S.J. (1999) Quantification and characterization of maghemite in soils derived from volcanic rocks in Southern Brazil. Clays Clay Min. 47 466-473... 

Schwertmann, U. Kampf, N. (1984) Properties of goethite and hematite in kaolinitic soils of southern and central Brazil. Soil Sci. 139 344-350... 

The tropical ecosystem called grassland and savanna is found in the southern American continent (particularly northern Colombia, Bolivia, and central Brazil) and most extensively in Africa (from just below the Sahara to the Cape Province). In the East it is limited to northern Australia. 

Focusing on the distribution of marine invertebrates, the seas can be divided into eleven zones (Fig. 7.1.II, George 1979). Four of these are exclusively coastal zones the Mediterranean (the geographical Mediterranean basin and the coastal areas and islands from northwestern France to the middle of Angola in the Atlantic), Caribbean (from South Carolina to Sao Paulo in Brazil, including the geographical Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico), Panamanian (coastal zones from southern... 

Mexico, all the year round in parts of China and Brazil and in the equatorial highlands of South America (e.g., Ecuador and Colombia) and East Africa (e.g., Kenya and Uganda), as a winter crop in the lowland subtropics (e.g., northern India and southern China), as spring and autumn crops in the Mediterranean (e.g.. North Africa), and in summer in the lowland temperate regions of the world (North America, western and eastern Europe, northern China and Australia and New Zealand). 

Sulfuric acid is a stronger acid than sulfurous [pAa(l) < 0, p7fa(2) = 1.99 at 25 °C and infinite dilution] rain as acidic as pH 2.1 has been recorded at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, and the pH of water droplets in clouds can be as low as 1.5 (for comparison, the pH of rainwater saturated with atmospheric CO2 is about 5.6 at 15 °C). Acid rain destroys building materials (especially marble), kills fish and vegetation, accelerates metallic corrosion (Sections 16.5 and 16.7), and can be directly harmful to humans (e.g., it causes the alligator skin condition reported in Cubatao, Brazil). Sulfate rain is not completely without redeeming features, as many soils (e.g., in southern Alberta, Canada) are sulfur-deficient. On balance, however, its acidity is unacceptable, and sulfur oxide emissions must be controlled at the source. Several control measures are possible ... 

The principal workings known at the present day are those of Australia, in the Southern hemisphere of California, Mexico, and the Appalachian mountains, in North America Brazil, Peru, and Chili, in South America Kordofan and Sofa]a In Africa tire Ural mountains in Siberia and Hungary in Europe. Gold i9 found, however, in smaller quantities in various other places and the Editor will now briefly indicate the J various localities in which it is known to exist, begin-ning with Europe, and conolading with the latest discoveries in Australia. 

Trees of the genus Schinopsis. native to the southern part of South America, including southern Brazil, Bolivia and other southern countries are very important source of tannin. These trees are known by the name quebracho, which means ax-breaker, because of their very hard, dense, heavy, dark-red wood, which is cut with difficulty. The heartwood of the tree contains 20-27% tannin, which is obtained by cutting the wood into small chips and extracting with water. Tilts tannin is often used in combination with tannins from other plants. 

Beryllium Beryllium was first detected in 1798 in the gemstones beryl and emerald (BesA SigOis) and was subsequently prepared in pure form in 1828 by the reduction of BeCl2 with potassium. It is obtained today from large commercial deposits of beryl in Brazil and southern Africa. Though beryllium compounds are extremely toxic, particularly when inhaled as dust, the metal is nevertheless useful in forming alloys. Addition of a few percent beryllium to copper or nickel results in hard, corrosion-resistant alloys that are used in airplane engines and precision instruments. 

Collections made in southern Brazil arc in Herbario Hatschbach, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil, a private herbarium not listed in Index Herbariorum. Some West African collections were made under the auspices of the Chelsea College of Science and Technology, London. Some of the southern Mexican plants were collected and identified by the late Donald Cox, Oaxaca. 

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