Cane sugar, production

In the developing regions of the world, almost all of the sucrose production is from sugar cane. Production far exceeds consumption in Central and South America and is slightly higher than demand in Africa. Table II lists the 11 major exporters of sucrose that account for 75% of the total exports of world producers. On the basis of the following assumed stoichiometry,... 

Figure 3. Sugar Cane Production for the World, Brazil, India, and China (1992 - 2001)...

Until December 2013, sugar cane production on Brazil southern region... 

Insulation Boa.rd. The panel products known as insulation board were the earliest commodity products made from fibers or particles in the composite panel area. These are fiber-base products with a density less than 500 kg/m. Early U.S. patents were obtained in 1915 and production began soon thereafter. The initial production used wood fiber as a raw material, but later products were made of recycled paper, bagasse (sugar cane residue), and straw. Schematics of the two major processes still ia use are shown ia Figure 4. 

Rum. Rum is a distikate from the fermented juice of sugar cane, sugar cane symp, molasses, sugar beets, or other by-products distiked at less than 190° proof in such a manner that it possesses the taste, aroma, and characteristics generaky attributed to mm. It is bottled at not less than 80° proof. 

In production of sugar, the juice extracted from the sugar cane or sugar beets is treated with a suspension of Ca(OH)2, which neutralizes the symp acidity and precipitates calcium sucrate, leaving impurities ia the solution. This is filtered and the calcium sucrate is converted to sugar and CaCO by reaction with CO2. 

Adhesives based on isocyanate (especially PMDl, polymethylene diisocyanate, more exactly polymeric 4,4 -diphenylmethane diisocyanate) have been used for more than 25 years in the wood-based panel industry [88], but still have a low market value in the wood-working industry compared to systems based on UF-, MUF- or PF-resins. The main application is the production of waterproof panels, but also the production of panels from raw materials that are difficult to glue, like straw, bagasse, rice shells or sugar cane bagasse. They can be used as adhesives for wood-based products like particleboard, oriented strandboard (OSB), laminated strand lumber (LSL), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) or... 

The literature on sucrose loss in manufacture is extensive, but not all studies have been conducted on the principles of sound scientific method. An example from the literature of a study with questionable results is a report by Cecil,62 on the effect of pH on sucrose loss during boiling in the open-pan sulfitation (OPS) process. The OPS process is used in some tropical sugar cane growing areas to produce small amounts of a sugar product known as gur, panela, or piloncillo for local consumption. Juice (massecuite from Kenyan OPS mill diluted to 20... 

OPEN PAN SULFITATION (OPS) A sugar cane mill process wherein sugar solutions are concentrated by boiling in an open pan at atmospheric pressure, rather than under a vacuum, and bleached (see SULFITATION) to produce a white sugar product. 

RAW SUGAR The product of sugar cane factories or mills. An intermediate, colored crystalline product resulting from the clarification and evaporation of water from sugar cane stalk juice. 

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