Brazil competitions

However, pulp and paper are commodities and therefore prices are vulnerable to global competition. Countries such as Brazil, Chile, and Indonesia have built modern, advanced pulp facilities. These countries have faster-growing trees and lower labor costs. Latin American and European countries are also adding papermaking capacity. Because of this increased foreign competition, imports of paper to the U.S. market are expected to increase 3% annually through 2004.10 In order... 

Kuva, M.A., PJ. Christoffoleti, and R.A. Pitelli (1999). Critical period of competition between sugarcane and weeds in Brazil. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr., 25 pp. 

A fairly recent reparameterization of AMI, called RM1 (for Recife, a city in Brazil where three of the four authors work by analogy with Austin method 1) is said to be better than AMI and PM3 and to be at least very competitive with PM5 (PM3, PM5 and PM6 see below) [64]. RM1 keeps the mathematical structure and qualities of AMI, while significantly improving its quantitative accuracy with the help of today s computers and also of the more advanced techniques available for nonlinear optimization. RM1 can be implemented in the AMI software without changing the code, other than altering the parameters. For 1,736 species considered in the parameterization some average errors were ... 

Lawsuits about advertising between competing pharmaceutical companies are commonplace in Brazil. The major issues covered by such lawsuits are comparative advertising, unfair competition, and infringement of trademark, patent and trade dress. 

Menthol can be extracted from various species of mint. Commint (Mentha arvensis) contains the highest levels of 1-menthol and therefore is the major variety cultivated for menthol production. Mint is grown in China, India, Brazil and the United States. Because of the vagaries of climate and competition for land from other agricultural products, the supply of natural menthol is not stable. Price and availability fluctuate and these movements have a major impact on the economics of the various synthetic processes for 1-menthol. When natural menthol is scarce, the synthetic materials command a high price and marginal processes become economically attractive. When the natural material is in abundant supply, only the more efficient of the synthetic processes will compete. The most competitive synthetic processes are those of Symrise and Takasago hence their market domination. 

Hirsch, R. Regional Competitiveness Analysis of the Soybean Industry and Transportation Infrastructure in Brazil. Masters Thesis. The Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois. 2004. 

One of the main options available to governments is, in short, to steer the market towards greater price competition [16]. Figure 4 illustrates the effects of price competition concerning medicines for HIV/AIDS in Brazil over a period of 5 years [9]. The prices of each of the six medicines listed declined over this period, but the decline was only slight for the two medicines which had no generic competition whereas it was dramatic for the four where such competition was introduced. 

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