Bovine leukemia cells

Onuma, M. Odawara, T. Watarai, S. Aida, Y. Ochiai, K. Syuto, B. Matsumoto, K. Yashuda, T. Eujimoto, Y. Izawa, H. Kawakami, Y. Antitumor effect of adriamycin entrapped in liposomes conjugated with monoclonal antibody against tumor-associated antigen of bovine leukemia cells. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 1986, 77, 1161-1167. 

Later on, the importance of xanthine oxidase as the producer of reoxygenation injury was questioned at least in the cells with low or no xanthine oxidase activity. Thus, it has been shown that human and rabbit hearts, which possess extremely low xanthine oxidase activity, nonetheless, develop myocardial infractions and ischemia-reperfusion injury [9], However, recent studies supported the importance of the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed oxygen radical generation. It has been showed that xanthine oxidase is partly responsible for reoxygenation injury in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells [10], human umbilical vein and lymphoblastic leukemia cells [11], and cerebral endothelial cells [12], Zwang et al. [11] concluded that xanthine dehydrogenase may catalyze superoxide formation without conversion to xanthine oxidase using NADH instead of xanthine as a substrate. 

Vincristine has been shown to enhance the accumulation of the folate antagonist methotrexate in murine leukemia cells, and the enhancement has been shown to involve inhibition of a specific efflux route for methotrexate (25) the suggestion has been made that the effect of vincristine on methotrexate efflux may be related to alterations of cell membrane electrical activity that appear to occur when cells are treated with vincristine. In this connection, it is worth mentioning that association of tubulin with membrane structures from bovine brain has been described 25a). Both vinblastine and vincristine have been reported to enhance the accumulation of the folate antagonist methotrexate in human leukemic cells (S) there is no evidence, however, to indicate that this interaction has significance in a clinical setting. 

Deazaaminopterin derivatives (folate analogues) are potent antineoplastics <88USP4725687, 91USP5077404) particularly in treating tumors resistant to methotrexate or aminopterin <90MIP9000172>. Some derivatives are equipotent with methotrexate, both as inhibitors of bovine liver dihydrofolate reductase and of L1210 murine leukemia cells. 

HTL-BLV group (human T-cell leukemia virus HTLV-1, HTLV-II, and bovine leukemia virus). 

Cells were cultured in a humidified ahnospheric incubator at 37°C in 5% CO2. Human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) was cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 13% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum and SO U/mL penicillin-streptomycin. To induced myeloid differentiation, cells were seeded at a density of S IO cells/mL and were cultivated for five days in RPMI 1640 containing 1.24% DMSO. TTie characteristics of mature cells were determined by smaller cell size, decreased nucleoli-to-cytoplasm ratio and pyknotic changes in nuclear chromatin. Cell numbers were counted using a hemocytometer, and cell viability was >98% as evidenced by trypan blue staining. 

In contrast to many studies that identify beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids against cellular Hpid oxidation, the action of flavonoids on bovine leukemia virus-transformed lamb fibroblasts (line FLK) and HL-60 cells was accompanied by lipid peroxidation [90]. Their toxicity was partly prevented by iron chelator desferrioxamine and antioxidant AA iphenyl-p-phenylene diamine, a result that pointed to the involvement of oxidative stress in their cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the toxicity of quercetin was partly prevented by nontoxic concentrations of other flavonoids examined, thus suggesting potential neutralization of quercetin cytotoxicity by intake of flavonoid mixtures. In another study, supplementation of rat hepatocyte cultures with the flavonoid myricetin led to the formation of phenoxyl radical intermediates, as detected in intact cells by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy [220]. These phenoxyl radicals corresponded to one-electron oxidation products of... 

ALSV, avian leukosis-sarcoma virus HTLV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus BLV, bovine leukemia virus HTV, human immunodeficiency virus. 

Spumavirus (the foamy viruses) Lentivirus (human, feline, simian, and bovine immunodeficiency viruses). Enveloped, spherical, negative-sense, and ssRNA (two identical strands). Synthesis occurs in the host cell cytoplasm maturation involves budding through the host cell plasma membrane. These viruses contain the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The retroviruses (except the Spumavirus and Lentivirus genera) represent the RNA tiunor viruses, causing leukemias, carcinomas, and sarcomas. 

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