Botrytis cinerea detection

Cultured plant cells may also serve as sources of various naphthoquinones and benzoquinones, whether or not they are present in the whole plants. For example, suspension cultures of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer were treated with either an elicitor preparation from the phytopathogenic Botrytis cinerea or a yeast elicitor preparation, and the accumulation of a new compound (2,5-dimethoxy-l,4-benzoquinone), which was not detected in non-elicited cultures, was observed [345], Induction of naphthoquinone formation in Impatients balsamina cell cultures was achieved by using parent plants yielding high levels of 2-methoxy- 1,4-naphthoquinone as initiated explants. The cell cultures were capable of producing two naphthoquinones, lawsone... 

When the sequence of the cbl gene in sensitive and resistant field isolates of Botrytis cinerea was compared, no mutations were detected conferring resistance... 

The stability of pectate and pectin depolymerizing enzymes produced by Mucor puriformis, Rhizopus sexualis, R. stolonifer, Botrytis cinerea, Aureobasidium pullulans, Trichosporon pullulans, and Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus in sulphite liquor has been studied in relation to the breakdown of sulphited strawberries. Marked breakdown of fruit occurred only when pectolytic activity could be detected in the liquor for more than two weeks using a viscometric assay. Of the fungi tested, Rhizopus species produced enzymes that were the most stable in sulphite liquor. For each of the Mucor and Rhizopus species tested, the stability of poly-D-galacturonases in sulphite liquor was very similar for extracts of infected fruit and culture filtrates. It was suggested that sulphite labile (=acid labile) and sulphite stable (=acid stable) forms of the poly-D-galacturonases are present. 

The most important metabolites from geraniol (271), nerol (272), and citronellol (258) are summarized in Figure 14.9. In the same year the biotransformation of these monoterpenes by Botrytis cinerea in model solutions was described by another group (Rapp and Mandery, 1988). Although the major metabolites found were co-hydroxylation compounds, it is important to note that some new compounds that were not described by the previous group were detected (Figure 14.9). Geraniol... 

Stilbenoids are highly inducible in leaves using a number of chemicals, UV-C treatment, and infectious agents [25]. To date, the majority of stilbenoids from leaves have been identified from stressed leaves. In some of the preliminary studies by Langcake and Pryce using leaves infected by Botrytis cinerea, the main stilbenoids detected were -resveratrol, -a-viniferin (Fig. 73.2), and a-viniferin [26]. The res-veratrol dehydrodimer, 5-viniferin, and piceids were detected in leaves induced by UV irradiation [27,28]. More recently, Mattivi et al. isolated and identified 14 stilbenoids from the leaves of a hybrid V. vinifera infected with Plasmopara viticola [23]. These compounds included two new dimers and two new to V. vinifera -co-viniferin. 

The pectinesterase activity isolated from culture fluids of Botrytis cinerea was associated with a poly-D-galacturonase fraction, even after gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Pectinesterase activity has been detected in cultures of Sphaeropsis malorum growing on apple tissues. ... 

---