Bormann effect

K.-E. Aguey-Zinsou, T. Nicolaisen, J.R. Ares Fernandez, T. Klassen, R. Bormann, Effect of nanosized oxides on MgH (de)hydriding kinetics, J. Alloys Compd. 434 35 (2007) 738-742. 

Borrmann was already quite familiar with the Dahlem research institutes. He worked under Laue at the KWI for Physics in 1935 while a student of Walther Kos-sel, and he moved to Hechingen in 1943 along with the rest of the institute. There he remained true to the line of research he had begun under Kossel in Danzig, the most important result of which was the identification of the Borrmann effect demonstrated in 1941. The Bormann effect refers to the anomalously low absorption of X-rays by ideal crystals when the X-rays strike the ciystals at angles that... 

Kennedy S.P. and B.J. Bormann (2006). Effective partnering of academic and physician scientists with the pharmaceutical drug development industry. Experimental Biology and Medicine 231 1690-1694. 

Galloway (J ) reports that the relative contribution of H2SO4, HNO3, and HCl to the acidity of precipitation is difficult to determine because the acids are not present as such in solution but rather as dissociated ions. However, using the absolute concentration of SO4, NO3 and Cl it is possible to determine their relative contribution. Likens and Bormann ( ) and Glass et al ( ) report that precipitation data for the northeastern United States indicate that 60 to 70% of the acidity in acid precipitation is due to sulfuric acid, 30 to 40% to nitric acid, and 5% to hydrochloric acid. For this reason, the following disucssion of the effects of acids on concrete will focus on effects of sulfuric acid. 

Barkhordarian, G., Klassen, T. and Bormann, R. (2004) Effect of Nb205 content on hydrogen reaction kinetics of Mg, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 364, 242-... 

Friedrichs, O., Sanchez-Lopez, J. C., Lopez-Cartes, C., Klassen, T., Bormann, R. and Fernandez, A. (2006) Nb205 pathway effect on hydrogen sorption in Mg, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 7845-7850. 

Aoki M, Miwa K, Noritake T, Kitahara G, Nakamori Y, Orimo S and Towata S (2005), Destabilization of LiBH4 by mixing with LiNH2, Appl. Phys. A, 80, 1409-1412. Barkhordarian G, Klassen T, Dornheim M and Bormann R (2007), Unexpected kinetic effect of MgB2 in reactive hydride composites containing complex borohydrides, J. Alloys Compounds, 440, L18-L21. 

Kornhuber, J., Bormann, J., Hubers, M., Rusche, K. and Riederer, P. (1991) Effects of the 1-amino-adamantanes at the MK-801-binding site of the NMDA-receptor gated ion channel a human postmortem brain study. Eur. J. Pharmacol. Mol. (Pharmac. Sect.) 206 297-300. 

Serendipitous ob.servation of beneficial effects of aminoadamantanes in Parkinson s disease patients undergoing antiviral therapy led to the conclusion that these tompound.s may pos.sess dopaminomimetic or possibly cholinoiytic properties. The fact that administration of clinically relevant do.ses of memantine results primarily in NMDA receptor antagonism was discovered only in the late 1980s (Bormann, 1989). 

The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest is a long-term ecological research site established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service in the White Mountains of New Hampshire to investigate the structure and function of forest and aquatic ecosystems, and their response to disturbance (Likens and Bormann 1995 Groffman et al. 2004). Hubbard Brook was the site where acidic deposition was first reported in North America (Likens et al. 1972). Hubbard Brook receives elevated inputs of acidic deposition and the forest ecosystem is very sensitive to these inputs. There have been long-term measurements and studies of acidic deposition and its effects on forests and streams at Hubbard Brook (Likens et al. 1996 Driscoll et al. 2001). 

Wood, T. and Bormann, F. H. (1974) The effects of an artificial acid mist upon the growth of Betula alleghaniensis Britt. Environmental Pollut. 7 259-268. 

It has been reported previously that simulated acidic rain and multiple exposures to ozone decreased the foliar dry weight of red kidney beans in laboratory tests (Shriner, 1978). The stimulatory effects of nitrate in simulated acidic rain on the growth of trees also has been demonstrated (Tveite and Abrahamsen, 1978 Wood and Bormann, 1977). Exposure to ozone shifted the partitioning of photosynthate in parsley but, in this case, root growth was depressed relative to the growth of aboveground parts (Oshima et al., 1978). 

Such decomposition, which has as subsidiary the decomposition of the absorption in a normal component, away from the Bragg angle, and one anomalous, associated to each branch of DS, is directly transposed in the Borrmann phenomenology. But the anomalous effect of absorption, i.e., the Borrmann effect, appears only under the condition of the thick crystal, or more accurate for the jj.t 1 case (Bormann, 1940, 1950, 1954, 1955, 1959). 

---