Bone white

Fig. 1.6 (A and B) Scanning electron micro- implantation in the bone marrow showing for-graphs of the porous hydroxyapatite-collagen mation of new bone (white asterisk) attached nanocomposite scaffolds at different magnifi- directly to the nanocomposite (asterisk). Arrows cations. Arrowheads in B indicate the hydroxy- indicate cuboidal osteoblasts on the surface of apatite nanocrystals on the collagen fibrils. new bone. Adapted from [94], reproduced by Histology at (C) 1 week and (D) 4 weeks after permission of Wiley-VCH.

Just northeast of Provo lies 800-acre Pine Cay, a private island with the most exquisite beach in all the Turks and Caicos. The mile-long stretch along its northwestern shore combines perfectly textured bone-white sand and iridescent turquoise surf. A low-key hotel and a few low-lying houses back the beach, which rarely holds more than a half-dozen people. 

Bone white n. Pigment made by acclimating animal bones. Composed chiefly of tricalcium phosphate. Calcium carbonate and minor constituents make up the rest. Bone white is a grayish white and slightly gritty powder. Syn bone ash. Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology pig-ments-powders. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996. 

Carbon-based blacks gronp Bone Pumice Bone ash Bone white Hartshorn Homs of hind... 

Field (1835) classed various pigments such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, white clay, (egg)shell white and bone white qq.v.) as Terrene whites. Salter (1869) elaborates on this, stating that these are available under equivocal names, among which are Moral or Modan white, Spanish white, Troys or Troy white, Rouen white, China white, and Satin white . 

Figure 8 Raman spectra of white pigments differentiation between (a) iead white (PbCOj) (b) chalk (CaCOj) and (c) bone white (Ca3(P04)2). Reproduced with permission from Best SP, Ciark RJH and Withnall R. Nondestructive pigment analysis of artefacts by Raman microscopy, Endeavour, New Series 16 66-73 1992, Elsevier Science.

Figure 10 The historiated initials (A) P and (B) S from the Icelandic Jonsbdk with the Raman spectra of pigments contained therein. The combination of vermilion and red ochre in the P should be noted. The spectrum of bone white has been obtained from the letter H (not shown). Reproduced with permission from Best SP, Clark RJH, Daniels MAM, Porter CAand Withnall R (1995). Identification by Raman microscopy and visible reflectance spectroscopy of pigments on an Icelandic manuscript. Studies in Conservation 40 31-40. (See Colour Plate 4.)...

Raman microscopy vermilion, orpiment, realgar, red ochre, azurite and bone white. Neither red lead nor lead white, pigments commonly used in Northern Europe, was identified on the manuscript this raises questions as to the availability of these pigments in Iceland, to which they are not native, and of the effectiveness of the trading routes. Examples of two historiated initials and the Raman spectra of the pigments used are shown in Figure 10. 

Close (1934) has classifled the various regions of the body according to water content (a) Extracellular body fluids, plasma, lymph, cerebro-spinal and synovial fluids (b) cellular tissues rich in nuclei, glands, muscles, grey nervous tissue (c) supporting tissues poor in nuclei, connective tissue, cartilage, bone, white nervous tissue. 

Chitosan coated carbon was evaluated for the removal of chromium (VI) and cadmium (II) from its aqueous solution [177]. The application of chitosan in the form of beads to the removal of copper, zinc and chromium ions from water was reported by Katarzyna Jaros et al. (2005). The composite chitosan magnetite microparticles for the removal of Co and Ni ions in aqueous solution have been evaluated by Donia Hitchu et al. (2012). The adsorption of Cu on the chitin surface has been studied by Melchor Gonzalez-Davila and Frank J. Millero (1989). The maximum adsorption of the chitosan beads for the removal of formaldehyde and ammonia were in the order of those derived from cuttlefish bone, white leg shrimp, horseshoe crab and mud crab, respectively [172]. The adsorption of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous... 

---