Demineralized bone matrix

One of the most sensitive bioassays for osteoblast and osteoclast activities in vivo is the use of ectopic models of bone formation and bone matrix resorption (38,39). Devitalized, demineralized bone powders (DBP) are subcutaneously implanted in young rats. There is a phenotypic conversion of connective cell tissue mesenchyme into cartilage. Subsequently this cartilage becomes calcified, vascularized and bone is deposited in two weeks. If mineral-containing bone particles (BP) are implanted, a different phenomenon is observed. Large multinucleated osteoclast-like cells are recruited to the site of implantation. There is a complete resorption of the BP four weeks after implantation. In collaboration with Dr. Julie Glowacki of the Harvard University School of Medicine, we took advantage of these procedures and used implants of normal DBP and BP into rats that had been maintained on the three experimental diets C, L, and D (40). 

Osteomalacia is the defective remineralization of bone during normal bone turnover in adults, so that there is a progressive demineralization, but with adequate bone matrix, leading to bone pain and skeletal deformities, with muscle weakness. Women with inadequate vitamin D status are especially at risk of osteomalacia after repeated pregnancies, as a result of the considerable drain on calcium reserves for fetal bone mineralization and lactation. 

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Mcmillan, J., Kinney, R.C., Ranly, D.M., Fatehi-Sedeh, S., Schwartz, Z., Boyan, B.D., 2007. Osteoinductivity of demineralized bone matrix in immunocompromised mice and rats is decreased by ovariectomy and restored by estrogen replacement. Bone 40, 111-121. 

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Tilkeridis, K., Touzopoulos, R, Ververidis, A., Christodoulou, S., Kazakos, K., Drosos, G.I., 2014. Use of demineralized bone matrix in spinal fusion. World J. Orthop. 5, 30-37. 

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Sundar S, Pendegrass CJ, Blunn GW (2009) Tendon bone healing can be enhanced by demineralized bone matrix a Ihnctional and histological study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 88(1) 115-122. doi 10.1002/jbm.b.31157... 

Allograft bone has been very extensively investigated as a commercial bone graft material. One of the first studies on the development of an injectable lysine-derived polyurethane bone graft investigated an LDI-based carrier for demineralized bone matrix [18]. An LDI-poly(p-dioxanone-co-glycolate) prepolymer was mixed with demineralized bone matrix to form a reactive putty. Implantation of the putty in an intramuscular site did not elicit an adverse inflammatory response. Several more recent studies have... 

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