Bold font = Figure

Mechanistic studies based mainly on metal ion rescue experiments have identified six oxygen atoms involved in metal ion coordination in the active site (the oxygens in bold font in Figure 19) . Metal ion rescue experiments substitute a potential oxygen ligand with a soft atom, usually sulfur, that is much less inclined to coordinate a hard Mg + ion. If the addition of a soft cation such as Cd + restores activity, the oxygen... 

First identified in 1986 as the catalytic active element in the replication cycle of certain viruses, the hammerhead ribozymes (HHRz) are the smallest known, naturally occurring RNA endonucleases They consist of a single RNA motif which catalyzes a reversible, site-specific cleavage of one of its own phosphodiester bonds . Truncation of this motif allowed a minimal HHRz to be constructed which was the very first ribozyme to be crystallized. HHRz minimal motifs are characterized by a core of eleven conserved nucleotides (bold font in Figure 20) from which three helices of variable length radiate. Selective mutation of any of these conserved residues results in a substantial loss of activity. In the absence of metal ions the structure is relaxed ( extended ), but upon addition of Mg +, hammerhead ribozymes spontaneously fold into a Y-shaped conformation (Figure 20 Color Plate 3). ... 

Figure 13.4 The log (blood-brain barrier permeability-surface area (PS) product) is plotted versus the log (partition coefficient) 1 octanol/saline for different molecules of varying molecular weight. The line in bold font denotes the lipid solubility trend line.

Figure 1 Optimized geometries of M(PH3)2CI isomers, M = Rh and Ir (singlet frans-1, singlet c/s-1). Bond lengths in A, angles in degrees. BLYP regular font B3LYP italics font, MP2 bold font.

FIGURE 7.5 Schematic view of the [Ni-Fe] hydrogenase catalytic cycle, as suggested in Ref. [2]. The EPR detectable states are shown in italics the EPR silent states are shown with bold fonts. The exact mechanism and the transient species involved are not yet known. More details in the text. 

Figure 1 Illustrations showing substrates and products of enzymatic pathways involved in inborn errors of metabolism. Three panels (I, ii, ill) contain both normal and abnormal substrate (A) metabolism to product (B). Larger upper case bold fonts indicate higher concentrations than either normal (upper case fonts) or low (lower case, smaller fonts) concentrations. Panel (i) represents a simple scenario of metabolism of substrate A to B with alternate minor pathway c. Panel (ii) represents a scenario of substrate C metabolism to product A, which is a substrate for the enzyme X forming product B. Panel (iii) represents a scenario of substrates A, C, and E metabolized to products B, D, and F by the same enzyme X.

Figure 5-2. Unrooted single most parsimonious tree of the CesA proteins from maize and Arabi-dopsis determined by the Branch and Bound algorithm of PAUP (Swofford 1998). Branch lengths are proportional to the inferred manber of amino acid substitutions, which are shown in bold font. Bootstrap values from 500 replicates (Felsenstein 1985) are represented as a percentage and are shown in parentheses. Reproduced with kind permission of Springer Science and Business Media from Appenzeller et al., 2004, Cellulose 11 287-299, Fig. 2. 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Figure 5.13 Elements in the periodic table with Mossbauer isotopes (in bold font).

Fourteen formulations of chemical alternatives were submitted to EPA under confidentiality and they were assessed based on numerous human health and ecotoxicity endpoints in addition to bioaccumulation potential and environmental persistence. They were also screened for potential exposure to workers, users and the aquatic environment. Where data gaps existed, EPA experts used models and chemical analogs to estimate the hazard for a particular endpoint. The literature and test data reviews were published in the final report, Environmentally Preferable Options for Furniture Fire Safety Low Density Furniture Foam . In addition, each hazard endpoint was ranked with a concern level (High, Moderate or Low) based on the criteria used by the EPA s New Chemicals Program to rate the concern level of new chemicals submitted under the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). As seen in Figure 8.2, where the hazard endpoint rankings are bold, the value is based on experimental data. Where the hazard endpoints are presented in italic font, the value is estimated based on models or chemical analogs. In this way, detailed hazard information was summarized and presented in a clear and concise format. 

Figure 10.5 Three examples of two-font combinations one font is used for the word Introduction (bolded), and a different font is used for the text and heading. All font sizes are 9 points.

Pay attention to the formatting expectations specified in this chapter, as small or as large as they may be. In all cases, check your punctuation (periods, commas, semicolons, parentheses, etc.), capitalization, fonts, bolding, sequential numbering, and, of course, clarity of presentation. Make sure that you mention thegraphic(s) by type and number (e.g.. Figure 2, Table 1, Scheme 3) in the text of your journal article, research proposal, or poster (unless you do not have room in your poster) before the reader encounters the actual graphic. 

Figure 8.7 The aluminum oxides and hydroxides and their temperatures of interconversion. Hydroxide materials are named along with their chemical formulae oxides all have the composition AI2O3 and so are indicated by the Greek letter associated with the phase. The a-phase is indicated in large font and bold as it is the thermodynamically most stable oxide. Adapted from reference [61].

Text box input has many features of a simple word processor you can Cut, Copy or Paste text, make individual portions of text bold, italic or underlined, use different font styles, etc., as shown in Figure 1-7. The text within the box can be formatted with the Alignment toolbuttons or with the Alignment command. 

Figure 18.1. The reductive TCA cycle (bold roman font) as an engine of synthesis of the major classes of biomolecules (bold italic). Synthesis of categories usually begins with a specific molecule (lightface).

Figure 10.3. Three different types of hydrogens in a polypeptide chain normal-font hydrogens are nonexchanging alkyl hydrogens, italic hydrogens are fast-exchanging labile hydrogens, and bold hydrogens are slow-exchanging amide hydrogens.

Figure 4.3 Bivariate correlations (Pearson) of processes influencing adaptation in scenario 1 (bold) and scenario 2 (normal font)...

Figure 40.1 Time-composite distribution maps for (A) Late Triassic brachiopods (triangles) (B) Early Jurassic brachiopods (circles) (C) Cretaceous brachiopods (crosses). Spiriferids in bold, short-looped terebratulids in italics, long-looped terebratulids in bold italics, rhynchonellids in normal font, athyrids in narrow italics genus name = unpublished observation. Kallirhynchia from the Queen Charlotte Islands is Middle Jurassic, Lobothyris is Early-Middle Jurassic at this same locality Cooperrhynchia is a Late Jurassic (Tithonian) occurrence. Base map is a generalised tectonic map of western North America showing only the most important terranes for the Jurassic, modified from Poulton et a/., 1992, fig. 4.1 A.c.

Figure 6 Optimized geometries (in A) of transition states for the addition of acrolein to isoprene (in italic), 2-r-butyl-1,3-butadiene (in bold), and 2-(trimethyl)-r-butyl-l,3-butadiene (in noim font), at the ONIOM3(B3LYP HF MM3) level. In all cases the intermediate model is acrolein — butadiene and the model is ethylene + butadiene...

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