Boilers fuel consumption

The overall yield of the process is at least 87 mol %, and 2.3 mol of methanol per mole of final product are needed, an excess of 15% over the 2.0 theoretical amount. The methanol can be recycled from the manufacture of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Reported utilities consumptions per kilogram of product are 1.2 kg of 1400-kPa steam, 420 kj of boiler fuel, and 0.5 kWh of electricity (72). 

The exhaust gases are generally discharged into dust and fume knockdown equipment to avoid contamination of the atmosphere. Gas-cleaning equipment includes cyclones, setthng chambers, scrubbing towers, and electrical precipitators. Heat-recoveiy devices are utilized both within and outside the lain. These result in an increase in lain capacity or a decrease in fuel consumption. Waste-heat boilers, grates, coil systems, and chains are used for this purpose. 

Figure 3-19 shows the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine and the Brayton-Rankin cycle (gas turbine exhaust being used in the boiler) based on the LHV of the gas. This figure shows that below 50% of the rated load, the combination cycle is not effective. At full load, it is obvious the benefits one can reap from a combination cycle. Figure 3-20 shows the fuel consumption as a function of the load, and Figure 3-21 shows the amount of steam generated by the recovery boiler. 

The usual response to the apparently high and out-of-specification result is to correct the problem by increasing boiler blowdown. The net result is an unnecessary waste of BD water and the heat associated with it. Consequentially, there is an unnecessary increase in fuel consumption. 

In many cases, boiler owners have run for years without appropriate pretreatment plants and therefore have unduly low expectations for boiler cleanliness, steam quality, and fuel consumption. But the fact is that recent changes in technology have brought down the costs of pretreatment equipment and increased quality and output so that even a relatively modest expenditure almost always results in significantly improved operational control and boiler plant efficiency. 

NOTE All boiler plant operators are urged to meter the MU water consumption as an aid to calculating a material balance. Steam generation rates can be reasonably accurately determined from the fuel consumption because records of fuel costs are always maintained. Daily and weekly BD rates usually can be estimated from the use of a measuring bucket or pipe velocity table. The difference between steam production and MU represents a combination ofBD and loss of CR. 

It should not come as a surprise during the inspection that a boiler needs cleaning. Unfortunately, for the owners and operators of many smaller plants, it can be just that, simply because there are no MU water meters or steam charts installed, fuel consumption records are not studied, and water analysis sheets are not properly interpreted and proactive steps taken. 

TABLE 24-15 Fuel Consumption in Boilers in Various Industries... 

Boiler Manufacturer Capacity Design Coal Current Coal Fuel Consumption... 

Therefore, negative pressure was decreased to reduce tramp air. Also, the operational reciprocating compressor was replaced by a centrifugal rotary screw type compressor. Further, ash build up on the boiler superheater tubes was a problem, impeding heat transfer to cool down the flue gas. This problem was resolved by using acoustics to cause the ash to fall off the superheater and economizer tubes. This allowed lower fuel consumption, resulting in decreased NOx emissions.1... 

Thermal insulation in the form of mud, clay, straw, rags, and wood strips was first Used in tlie eighteenth century on steam engines to keep workmen from being burned by hot surfaces. As a result, boiler room temperatures dropped and it was noticed that fuel consumption was also reduced. The realization of improved engine efficiency and energy savings prompted the... 

Cameras are monitoring boilers on U.S. Navy ships where safety is the primary concern. The cameras are used to check that unburned fuel is not collecting on the floor of the boiler. Initially employed on the USS Constellation to help preclude explosions, furnace cameras have also allowed greater fuel efficiency by observing results of uneven distribution of air flow to oil burners, potentially reducing fuel consumption by 1-1.5%. 

An estimate of emissions of a species from a source is based on a technique that uses emission factors, which are based on source-specific emission measurements as a function of activity level (e.g., amount of annual production at an industrial facility) with regard to each source. For example, suppose one wants to sample a power plant s emissions of S02 or NO. at the stack. The plant s boiler design and its fuel consumption rate are known. The sulfur and nitrogen content of fuel burned can be used to calculate an emissions factor of kilograms (kg) of S02 or NO emitted per metric ton (Mg) of fuel consumed. 

With these waste heat boiler problems—managers with no boiler training, water systems and hot gas shutoff systems inadequately designed, and no operators in attendance—it might be advisable to select an alternate heat recovery system to reduce fuel consumption. 

Manufacturer of boiler shall guarantee the steam generation at required conditions, and the coal/fuel consumption. The quality of feed water and coal required shall also be specified by manufacturer. 

Fuels are used to do something, such as move a motor vehicle, cook a meal or heat a house. There is a strong link between the use of the fuel and the fuel as an energy source for the task. Students may think energy is consumed as the task is done. Calculations of fuel consumption in a car engine or of gas consumed by a boiler lead to this. We need to show students that we transfer energy from usable to non-usable forms. The overall amount of energy in the Universe remains constant. 

Palm oil industry is one of the biggest industries in Malaysia which contribute to a large amount of solid waste as an output. The palm ash is produced after burning the palm oil shells and fibres as boiler fuel for palm oil consumption. 

Some explanation is required for specific fuel consumption of 1.56MMBtu/klb steam. About 5-10% of the boiler gross steam is used internally for spinning steam turbines to run water circulation pumps and air fans. As an average, 7% internal... 

Steam use is assumed. Boiler efficiencies are 75 and 85% for boilers 1 and 2, respectively. Thus, gross fuel consumption can be calculated as... 

Path 1 Increase HP Steam by 10 klb/h Through Boiler 1 with 75% of Efficiency The incremental fuel consumption for making 10 klb/h of HP steam can be calculated based on equations (15.1) and (15.2)... 

As identified previously, there are two paths to increase the MP usage the letdown valve and the MP extraction from TG-1001. Furthermore, there are two paths to increase HP steam boilers 1 and 2. In combination, there are four paths connecting fuel consumption with the change in process MP demand. 

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