Boilers, Babcock Wilcox

In this preface I also wish to highlight the contributions to the subject from some other publications, such as the more modem book Procedures of Industrial Water Treatment by J.N. Tanis and the NALCO Guide to Boiler Water Systems Failure, as well as the massive, but superb tome, Steam, Its Generation and Uses from Babcock Wilcox, which is now in its 40th edition. These are all excellent works. 

FIG. 24-35 Shop-assembled radiant boiler for natural sas or oil. Babcock Wilcox Co.)... 

The project at Plant Sweatt was organized with Southern Company Services as EPRI s prime contractor responsible for project management, project direction and subcontractor performance. Subcontracted to Southern Company Services were Babcock Wilcox (B W) and KVB. B W provided technical consultation and boiler performance evaluations, KVB provided combustion gas emission characterizations and supplementary technical consultation. 

Patents were filed by Babcock Wilcox [21-23] concerning the so-called SOx-NOx-Rox Box process, according to which, in line with Fig. 6b, contemporary SO2 and NOx removal (the former by adsorption on lime, the latter by catalytic reduction with ammonia) is accomplished by the use of catalytic filters, prepared as described in Section III. A schematic of the catalytic baghouse assembly is presented in Fig. 7. The results of the application of such technology to the treatment of a lab-scale atmospheric fluidized-bed coal boiler (capacity 0.5 MWe) were reported in Refs. 9 and 29. The achieved abatement efficiencies were 70-80% for SO2, 90% for NOx(NH3/NO ratio = 1 ammonia slippage = 10-15%), and 99% for particulate. Since March 1992 a 5-MWe demonstration project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and by the Ohio Coal Development Office,... 

Types and Features.—Boilers may be classed as horizontal (Heine, loc6-motive) or vertical (Wickes, Manning) fire-tube (horizontal-tubular. Manning, locomotive) or water-tube (Babcock Wilcox, Wickes, Stirling, Heine) exter-... 

All of these boilers lend themselves to flexibility of arrangement. The length of tubes, numbers in a row (horizontally and vertically), etc., may be varied to suit economical or other conditions. Boilers of this type are generally supported independently of brickwork. Standard methods of cleaning have been developed, but a large number of joints must be made after Babcock Wilcox or Heine boilers have been completely opened for cleaning. 

Per Cent of Boilers Rated Capacity Developed Fig. 14.—Boiler efficiency-capacity diagram. Courtesy Babcock Wilcox.)... 

Figure 1.19 Details of a contemporary boiler (from Babcock Wilcox [12]).

The standard instrument for temperature measurement in the coal-fired power plant industry is the High Velocity Thermocouple (HVT) probe (Babcock Wilcox Company 1972, Mullikin and Osborn 1941). This device is a water-cooled tube, up to approximately 20 feet in length that is inserted into the combustion gases. Combustion gases are drawn into the tube and pass over a thermocouple located near the inlet to the tube. One of the objectives of locating the thermocouple in the tube is to reduce errors due to radiation losses from the thermocouple to the cooler zone within the combustion environment, such as the walls of the boiler. 

Babcock Wilcox Company (1922). Steam Its generation and use. B W New York. Babcock, G.H. (1890). Circulation of water in steam boilers. Scientific American Supplement 30(745) 11902-11904. 

Wilcox boiler. Around 1866, Wilcox with his partner Babcock designed a steam generator based on the principle of the early boiler. In 1867 the firm Babcock Wilcox B W, Providence RI was formed to manufacture this boiler. The concern was then incorporated in 1881, with Wilcox as vice-president until his death. The firm is still active, dealing currently mainly with nuclear power generation. During World War 11, over half of the US Navy was powered by B W boilers. The company has its headquarters now at Charlotte NC. 

Seward Generating Station, under the ownership of GPU Genco, was the location of numerous opportunity fuel tests. It was the location of one of the most extensive development programs described in numerous papers and publications [13-14,16, 31-34]. In the Seward CWS program, low-density slurries were prepared and fired in both Boiler 14 and Boiler 15. Boiler 14 was a 32 MW wall-fired Babcock Wilcox boiler with... 

In ECS s 1986 repowefing project Babcock and Wilcox (B W) constmcted a bubbling-bed section to ECS s existing 125 MWe pulverized-coal furnace to produce 31.3 t/h of lime, usiag cmshed coal as the source of heat to calciae limestone ia the fluidized bed. A portion of the lime is drawn from the bed as bottom ash and a portion is collected as fly ash. Both portions are transferred to a cement (qv) plant adjacent to the boiler. The hot flue gas from the EBC flows iato the existing main pulverized-coal furnace, ia which a B W LIMB system was also iastaHed to absorb sulfur dioxide dufing those times when the EBC is not operating. 

BABAR-phos compounds, 13 645 Babbitt, Isaac, 24 796 Babbitts, 3 52-53 24 796-797 composition of, 3 52t Babbitt-type alloys, 24 426 Babcock and Wilcox boiler, 12 320 Baby foods, estimated maximum oxygen tolerance, 3 381t Baby preparations, 7 842t Bacillus, as a host system for gene expression, 12 477 Bacillus anthracis, 8 667 Bacillus coagulans, 12 79-80... 

A key development in water-tube furnace design was the Babcock and Wilcox boiler of 1877 (Fig. 2) (3). This can be considered the direct evolutionary ancestor of the 1000 MW steam power plants a century later (see Steam). 

Fuel oil of 18,500 Btu/lb is fired with 13% excess air at 80°F. Flue gas leaves at 410°F. A simplified cross section of the boiler is shown. Heat and material balances are summarized. Tube selections and arrangements for the five heat transfer zones also are summarized. The term Ag is the total internal cross section of the tubes in parallel. (Steam Its Generation and Use, 14.2, Babcock and Wilcox, Barberton, OH, 1972). (a) Cross section of the generator (b) Heat balance ... 

Method Explicit Matrix Relations for Total Exchange Areas, Int.J. Heat Mass Transfer, 18, 261-269 (1975). Rhine, J. M., and R. J. Tucker, Modeling of Gas-Fired Furnaces and Boilers, British Gas Association with McGraw-Hill, 1991. Siegel, Robert, and John R. Howell, Thermal Radiative Heat Transfer, 4th ed., Taylor Francis, New York, 2001. Sparrow, E. M., and R. D. Cess, Radiation Heat Transfer, 3d ed., Taylor Francis, New York, 1988. Stultz, S. C., and J. B. Kitto, Steam Its Generation and Use, 40th ed., Babcock and Wilcox, Barkerton, Ohio, 1992. 

FIG. 27-39 Field-erected radiant boiler for pulverized coal. Babcock ir Wilcox Co.)... 

Fire 1.4. Steam boiler and furnace arrangements. [Steam, Babcock and Wilcox, Barberton, OH, 1972, pp. 3.14, 12.2 (Fig. 2), and 25.7 (Fig. 5)]. (a) Natural circulation of water in a two-drum boiler. Upper drum is for steam disengagement the lower one for accumulation and eventual blowdown of sediment, (b) A two-drum boiler. Preheat tubes along the Roor and walls are cormected to heaters that feed into the upper drum, (c) Cross section of a Stirling-type steam boiler with provisions for superheating, air preheating, and flue gas economizing for maximum production of 550,000 Ib/hr of steam at 1575 psia and 900°F. 

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