Blue-green algae blooming

N.A. Mahmood, W.W. Carmichael and D. Pfahler, Anticholinesterase poisonings in dogs from a cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) bloom dominated by Anabaena flos-aguae, Am. J. Vet. Res., 49 (1988) 500-503. 

Lee, T.J., Nakano, K., and Matsumara, M. 2001. Ultrasonic irradiation for blue-green algae bloom control. Environmental Technology, 22(4) 383-390. 

Billings, W. H. 1981. Water-associated human illness in northeast Pennsylvania and its suspected association with blue-green algae blooms. In The Water Environment Algal Toxins and Health, ed. Carmichael, W.W. New York Plenum Press, 243-255. 

MF units are widely used for turbidity removal (Hillis (1997), Tsatsaronis and Durham (1996), Ho et al. (1995)). Ho et al. (1995) installed a MF unit for turbidity and fine particles were removed satisfactorily. However, the true colour could not be removed completely without pretreatment. In the case of blue-green algae blooms, a GAC unit was used as post-treatment. 

P. Henriksen, W.W. Carmichael, J.S. An and 0. Moestrup, Detection of an anatoxin-a(s)-like anticholinesterase in natural blooms and cultures of cyanobacteria/blue-green algae from Danish lakes and in the stomach contents of poisoned birds, Toxicon, 35 (1997) 901-913. 

Nutrients. Too many nutrients stimulate the rapid growth of plants and algae, clogging waterways and sometimes creating blooms of toxic blue-green algae. This process is called eutrophication. 

Davies AG, Demadariaga I, Bautista B, Fernandez F, Harbour DS, Serret P, Tranter PRG (1992) The ecology of a coastal Phaeocystis bloom in the North-Western English-Channel in 1990. J Mar Biol Ass UK 72 691-708 De Bemardi R, Giussani G (1990) Are blue-green algae suitable food for zooplankton A review. Hydrobiologia 200/ 201 29-41... 

Toxins such as microcystin LR and associated substances can be very difficult to analyse at low concentrations in water. Therefore, it is preferable to control blue-green algae by preventing algal blooms in source waters. There are treatment options for microcystin LR and related substances, but these require careful assessment for example, it is particularly important to ensure that algal cells are removed. 

Blooms of blue-green algae occur in appropriate weather conditions in still or slow-flowing bodies of water with high phosphorus concentrations that either occur naturally or are from a number of possible human-made sources. 

Aune, T, and Berg, K. 1986. Use of freshly prepared rat hepatocytes to study toxicity of blooms of the blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria agardhii. Journal of Toxicology Environmental Health 19 325-336. 

Runnegar, M.T., Jackson, A.R.B., Falconer, I.R. (1988). Toxicity to mice and sheep of a bloom of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Anabaena circinalis. Toxicon 26 599-602. 

Gallucci, K., and Paerl, H. W. (1983). Pseudomonas aeruginosa chemotaxis associated with blooms of N2-fixing blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, 557—561. 

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