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Blood test, ELISA-based

Detecting exposure to HIV ELISA assays and western blots are commonly used to detect exposure to HIV by measuring the amount of anti-HIV antibodies present in a patient s blood sample. ELISA assays are used as the primary screening tool, because they are very sensitive. These assays sometimes give false-posi-tives, however, so western blots, which are more specific, are often used as a confirmatory test (Figure 32.23). [Note ELISA and western blots can only detect HIV exposure after anti-HIV antibodies appear in the bloodstream. PCR-based testing for HIV is more useful in the first few months after exposure.]... [Pg.464]

The other approach is based largely on informatics. In such an approach, tumors would be profiled in contrast to normal tissue. Tumor-specific markers would be identified via microarrays, as has been done in many publications already. From here, the list of tumor-specific markers would be analyzed to determine if any of these markers represented proteins which were likely to be secreted out of the cell and which may be detected in the peripheral blood stream. Preferably multiple markers would be identified that could be tested using multiplex ELISA assays (antibody arrays). Such work will take time, however, because once the potential markers are identified, antibodies must be generated, validated, and tested for effectiveness as an early diagnostic tool. Such work is being done, but little has been published so far. [Pg.14]

Most blood proteins do not show up in the urine, but hCG does. And it is produced very soon after the egg is fertilized, and then in increasing amounts as the pregnancy progresses. Sandwich ELISA (see Figure 4.35 in the text) is the ideal method for complex biological fluids, and it is relatively easy to produce two different monoclonal antibodies to epitopes on opposite sides of the protein. All home pregnancy test kits are based on variations of this method. [Pg.46]

An example of a commercial LoaD platform based on FLISA is the GyroLab workstation (Gyros AB, Uppsala, Sweden) [5]. Lee et al. have reported a portable, fully automated lab-on-a-disc-based ELISA system to test infectious diseases from whole blood [6] which utilizes an optical detection module made up of two sets of matched LEDs and photodiodes to perform absorbance measurements at 430 and 630 nm, respectively (Fig. 2). [Pg.2538]

A third test, the monocyte activation test (MAT) is based on the in-vitro activation of human blood cells by pyrogens. This leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumoiu necrosis factor alfa (TNF-alfa), interleukin-1 beta (BL-lbeta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) that are determined by Enzyme-Linked Immiuio Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Consequently, the MAT will detect the presence of both exogenous and endogenous pyrogens in the test sample. The MAT is suitable, after a product-specific validation, as a replacement for the rabbit pyrogen test [50]. [Pg.391]


See other pages where Blood test, ELISA-based is mentioned: [Pg.64]    [Pg.268]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.424]    [Pg.261]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.1858]    [Pg.284]    [Pg.401]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.165]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.424]    [Pg.387]    [Pg.2075]    [Pg.4877]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.262]    [Pg.270]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.307 ]




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