Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Blood substitute formulations

Kumar, R. Manjula, B.N. Human hemoglobin derived from transgenic swine a starting material for blood substitute formulations. In Red Blood Cell Substitutes Rudolph, A.S., Rabinovici, R., Feuerstein, G.Z., Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1998 309-324. [Pg.373]

In 1982 a study of the usefulness of DBBF in the production of a blood substitute was reported (99). A single modification achieved the dual goals of reduced oxygen affinity and restricted tetramer—dimer dissociation. This work was confirmed in 1987 (98). The product, called aa-hemoglobin, was formulated in Ringer s lactate. P q under physiologic conditions is 3.7 kPa (28.0 torr). Hill s parameter is 2.2, and the Bohr effect was reduced (100). Plasma retention was increased, and the product appeared to be less heterogeneous than some of the other derivatives under study. Its production was scaled up by Baxter Healthcare Corp., under contract to the U.S. Army. [Pg.165]

Blood substitute stabilizer stabilizer for freeze-dried formulations sucrose crystallization modifier. [Pg.635]

Several pharmaceutical products are formulated as emulsions (1) Parenteral emulsion systems, e.g. parenteral nutritional emulsions, lipid emulsions as drug carriers (2) Perfluorochemical emulsions as artificial blood substitute (3) Emulsions as vehicles for vaccines (4) topical formulations, e.g. for treatment of some skin diseases (dermatitis). [Pg.477]

Blood transfusions and their outcome have primarily been evaluated clinically in terms of systemic parameters and blood substitutes have been formulated almost exclusively focusing on their oxygen transport properties without addressing ancillary effects that result from changing the flow properties of blood. The critical phenomena that determine the systemic outcome following altered blood composition are microscopic, and radicated in the microcirculation [83], the locale for the biophysical interaction between blood and tissue [47]. Furthermore, introducing a blood substitute into the circulation may turn out to never be complete without toxicity therefore, it is critical to understand the nature and extent of toxicity, to arrive at a product that is an improvement over blood transfusions. [Pg.1583]

Resuscitation following blood losses is not solely determined by reestablishing oxygen supply it also requires microvascular tissue perfusion. This is seldom satisfied by the currently available plasma expanders because they were not formulated to maintain microcirculatory conditions. Similarly, blood substitute development was focused on oxygen delivery, with plasma expansion being a by-product. However, plasma expansion that leads to microvascular recovery is fundamentally necessary for enabling blood substitutes to transport oxygen. [Pg.1592]

Protein-Based Substitutes. Several plant and animal-based proteins have been used in processed meat products to increase yields, reduce reformulation costs, enhance specific functional properties, and decrease fat content. Examples of these protein additives are wheat flour, wheat gluten, soy flour, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate, textured soy protein, cottonseed flour, oat flour, com germ meal, nonfat dry milk, caseinates, whey proteins, surimi, blood plasma, and egg proteins. Most of these protein ingredients can be included in cooked sausages with a maximum level allowed up to 3.5% of the formulation, except soy protein isolate and caseinates are restricted to 2% (44). [Pg.34]

Citric acid is used in soft drinks, candies, wines, desserts, jellies, jams, as an antioxidant in frozen fruits and vegetables, and as an emulsifier in cheese. As the most versatile food acidulant, citric acid accounts for about 70 percent of the total food acidulant market. It provides effervescence by combining the citric acid with a biocarbonate/carbonate source to form carbon dioxide. Citric acid and its salts are also used in blood anticoagulants to chelate calcium, block blood clotting, and buffer the blood. Citric acid is contained in various cosmetic products such as hair shampoos, rinses, lotions, creams, and toothpastes. More recently, citric acid has been used for metal cleaning, substituted for phosphate in detergents, for secondary oil recovery, and as a buffer/absorber in stack gas desulfurization. The use of sodium citrate in heavy-duty liquid laundry detergent formulations has resulted in a rapid increase in the use of citric acid. [Pg.1344]

In another patient, serious adverse events (fever, severe rigors, a fall in blood pressure, worsening mental status, increasing creatinine concentration, and leukocjdosis) occurred after unrecognized substitution of one amphotericin formulation (ABLC) by another (ABCD) (132). After discovery of the switch, ABLC therapy was rein-stituted and tolerated without incident. [Pg.204]


See other pages where Blood substitute formulations is mentioned: [Pg.9]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.588]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.224]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.404]    [Pg.672]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.235]    [Pg.37]    [Pg.482]    [Pg.570]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.1583]    [Pg.1586]    [Pg.1589]    [Pg.1590]    [Pg.1592]    [Pg.1188]    [Pg.475]    [Pg.212]    [Pg.466]    [Pg.287]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.548]    [Pg.985]    [Pg.985]    [Pg.250]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.358]    [Pg.624]    [Pg.2691]    [Pg.206]    [Pg.985]    [Pg.985]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.9 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.9 ]




SEARCH



Blood substitutes

© 2024 chempedia.info