Biophysical interaction

Regarding the proposed mechanisms of carvedilol antioxidative activity, membrane stabilization through the biophysical interaction of carvedilol with the membrane seems to be the most reliable one. However, a higher antioxidant activity of the metabolite SB 211475 leads to another explanation. In contrast to the parent carvedilol, SB 211475 has the active free radical scavenging phenolic hydroxyl, which is apparently responsible for its enhanced antioxidant activity. Thus, we may suggest that the in vivo antioxidant activity of carvedilol is due to its converting into active metabolites, which, for example, may be formed in the reactions with primary free radicals such as hydroxyl radicals. 

Ramsay E, Hadgraft J, Birchall J, et al. Examination of the biophysical interaction between plasmid DNA and the polycations, polylysine and polyornithine, as a basis for their differential gene transfection in-vitro. Int J Pharma 2000 210 97-107. 

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields—Properties, Quantities and Units, Biophysical Interaction, and Measurements (1981) Radiation Protection in Pediatric Radiology (1981)... 

Cross-linked hydrogels can be formed which contain affinity cross-links between polymer-supported hgands and receptors [46]. Such gels can be based only on these biophysical interactions as described by Taylor et al. [28,29]. In these systems, displacement of affinity cross-links by soluble competitors ultimately leads to a gel/sol transition (Figure 16.4) requiring that the responsive phase be constrained between two diffusive membranes to prevent leakage while in the sol phase (Figure 16.5). 

Blood transfusions and their outcome have primarily been evaluated clinically in terms of systemic parameters and blood substitutes have been formulated almost exclusively focusing on their oxygen transport properties without addressing ancillary effects that result from changing the flow properties of blood. The critical phenomena that determine the systemic outcome following altered blood composition are microscopic, and radicated in the microcirculation [83], the locale for the biophysical interaction between blood and tissue [47]. Furthermore, introducing a blood substitute into the circulation may turn out to never be complete without toxicity therefore, it is critical to understand the nature and extent of toxicity, to arrive at a product that is an improvement over blood transfusions. 

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