Red-blood cell substitute

Ogden, J. 1992. Recombinant haemoglobin in the development of red blood cell substitutes. Trends in Biotechnology 10, 91-95. 

Creteur J, Sibbald W, Vincent J-L. Hemoglobin solutions-not just red blood cell substitutes. Crit Care Med 2000 28 3025. 

Chang TM. Red blood cell substitutes. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2000 13 651. 

Sakai H, Tsai AG, Rohlfs RJ, et al. Microvascular responses to hemodilution with Hb vesicles as red blood cell substitutes influence of O2 affinity. Am J Physiol 1999 276 H553. 

Sou K, Klipper R, Goins B, et al. Circulation kinetics and organ distribution of hb-vesicles developed as a red blood cell substitute. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005 312 702. 

Despite all the advances in storing or distributing blood, providing life-saving red blood cell transfusions in disasters and on the battlefield remains a challenge because facilities are not readily available for cold storage of large quantities of red cells. Researchers have worked for decades to come up with a red blood cell substitute,... 

Although research continues in an effort to develop an effective haemoglobin-based red blood cell substitute, no suitable candidate has yet been developed that has gained widespread clinical acceptance. 

Remy B, Delby-Dupont G, Lamy M. Red blood cell substitutes Fluorocarbon and haemoglobin solutions. Br Med Bull 1999 1 277-98. 

Guidance for Industry. Criteria for Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Oxygen Therapeutics as Red Blood Cell Substitutes. Draft Guidance, http //www.fda.gov/ cber/gdlns/oxytherbld.htm... 

Flaim, S.F. Efficacy of perflubron-based emulsion as a temporary oxygen carrier. In Red Blood Cell Substitutes Rudolph, A.S., Rabinovici, R., Feuerstein, G.Z., Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1998 79-117. 

Lutton, J.D. Jiang, S. Drummond, G.S. Abraham, N.G. Levere, R.D. Kappas, A. Pharmacologic effects of the red blood cell substitutes cross-linked and non-cross-linked hemoglobins on hematopoiesis in rabbits. Pharmacol. 1999, 58, 319-324. 

Polymer functionalization aims at imparting new properties (e.g. chemical, biophysical, physicochemical or optoelectronic) to materials. Functional polymers have been developed for a wide range of diverse applications. These include organic catalysis (support catalysts), medicine (red-blood-cell substitutes), optoelectronics (conducting polymers, magnetic polymers and polymers for nonlinear optics), biomaterials, paints and varnishes, building materids, photographic materials as weU as lube and fuel additives. While it is not possible to enum ate all of the applications of functional polymers, some representative examples of functional polymers are listed below. 

Hemoperfusion for acute poisoning—routine treatment in patients Hemoperfusion for aluminium and iron overload— routine treatment in patients Supplement to hemodialysis in end-stage renal failure—routine treatment in patients Artificial liver support hemoperfusion and hybrid systems—experimental Red blood cell substitutes for transfusion—Phase I and Phase 11 clinical trials Blood group antibodies removal (immunosorbents)—clinical trial Hereditary enzyme deficiency—clinical trial Clinical laboratory analysis—clinical application Production of monoclonal antibodies—development... 

Zheng S, Beissinger RL, Wasan DT. 1991. The stabihzation of hemoglobin multiple emulsion for use as a red blood cell substitute. / Colloid Interface Sci 144(1) 72-85. 

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