Rheology, Blood

K22. Koenig, W., Hehr, R., Ditschuneit, H. H., Kuhn, K., Ernst, E., Rosenthal, J., and Hombach, V., Lovastatin alters blood rheology in primary hyperlipoproteinemia Dependence on li-poprotein(a). J. Clin. Pharmacol. 32, 539-545 (1992). 

Certain bioflavonoids may play a preventive role against cardiovascular diseases. Some citrus and other bioflavonoids have been demonstrated to reduce serum cholesterol levels and to affect fatty acid metabolism (70,71,72). The strong antiadhesive action on red cells and platelets of highly methoxylated flavones such as nobiletin, which also demonstrates antithrombogenic activity (73), indicates an important role in blood rheology and tissue perfusion. The antiadhesive action may indicate a preventive role in atherosclerosis since there is evidence that reduced perfusion of the vascular wall may interact with serum lipids to promote atherogenesis (74). 

Kikuchi, Y., Sato, K., Ohki, H., Kaneko, T., Optically accessible microchannels formed in a single-crystal silicon substrate for studies of blood rheology. Microvasc. Res. 1992, 44, 226-240. 

Chien S, Usami S, Taylor HM, Lundberg JL, and Gregersen MI. Effects of hematocrit and plasma proteins on human blood rheology at low shear rates. J. Appl. Physiol. 1966 21 81-87. 

There is an increased incidence of peripheral vascular diseases in diabetic patients who receive peritoneal dialysis and epoetin (4). In these patients the time to a first vascular incident is shorter, the number of vascular events is increased, and more hospital days associated with vascular disease have been reported compared with patients receiving peritoneal dialysis without epoetin (4). Significant risk factors for the development of peripheral vascular disease are epoetin therapy, epoetin dose, and smoking (4). Peripheral vascular disease may be related to increased blood viscosity or other changes in blood rheology (4). 

Koppensteiner R, Stockenhuber F, Jahn C, Balcke P, Minar E, Ehringer H. Changes in determinants of blood rheology during treatment with haemodialysis and recombinant human erythropoietin. BMJ 1990 300(6740) 1626-7. 

Reinhart WH, Berchtold PE. Effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on blood rheology. Lancet 1992 339(8794) 662-4. 

Pentoxifylline (oxipentifylline) is a methylxanthine that antagonizes the vasoconstrictor effects of catecholamines and increases cyclic AMP concentrations, causing smooth muscle to relax. It has also been claimed to correct impaired microcirculation, by improving various factors that disturb blood rheology, and to reduce the generation of toxic free radicals from leukocytes during ischemic leg exercise in patients with intermittent claudication. Pentoxifylline has been used to suppress overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alfa in conditions such as falciparum malaria and rheumatoid arthritis and in transplant recipients, with varied success. 

Coppola, L., Verrazzo, G, La Marca, C., Ziccardi, R, Grassia, A., Tirelli, A., Giugliano, D. Effect of insulin on blood rheology in non-diabetic subjects and in patients with Type 2 diabetes melhtus, Diabetic Medicine A Journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1997,14, 959-963. 

Baskurt O.K. and Meisehnan H.J. Blood rheology and hemodynamics. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 29 435-450, 2003. 

In the power-law models of blood rheology, the indices k and n are primarily dependent on the hematocrit fraction, which is a measure of the number and size distribution of red blood cells in the sample. The above functional dependence may take the following form under time-independent circumstances [7] ... 

Schmidt-Schonbein, H. (1988) Fluid dynamics and hemorheology, in Clinical Blood Rheology, G.D.O. Lowe (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 129-220. 

To study regional cardiac function we are developing a model that incorporates intramyocardial blood rheology into cardiac tissue mechanics. This model uses as input parameters the three dimensional geometry of the heart, intramural deformations and ventricular pressures (Huyghe, 1983). 

There is no established pharmacotherapy that is proven efficacious in improving the functional capacity of LEAD patients or resulting in any significant remission in the course of the disease. Only limited pharmacological agents that alter blood rheology (5) and others that improve ischemic skeletal muscle metabolism (6) are available, with limited success in improving physical performance for LEAD patients. 

Ernst EE, Matrai A. Intermittent claudication, exercise, and blood rheology. Circulation mi 76 1110-1114. 

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