Blood perfusion measurement

Hagen T, Bartylla K, Piepgras U. Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow measured by stable xenon CT and perfusion MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999 23 257-264. 

Wintermark M, Reichhart M, Thiran JP, Maeder P, Chalaron M, Schnyder P, Bogous-slavsky J, MeuU R. Prognostic accuracy of cerebral blood flow measurement by perfusion computed tomography, at the time of emergency room admission, in acute stroke patients. Ann Neurol 2002 51 417-432. 

Hunter GJ, Silvennoinen HM, Hamberg LM, Koroshetz WJ, Buonanno FS, Schwamm LH, Rordorf GA, Gonzalez RG. Whole-brain CT perfusion measurement of perfused cerebral blood volume in acute ischemic stroke probability curve for regional infarction. 

C. Thomas, C. Counsell, P. Wood, G.E. Adams, Use of F-19 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy and hydralazine for measuring dynamic changes in blood perfusion volume in tumors in mice, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 84 (1992) 174-180. 

Apart from echocardiography, another promising clinical application of synthetic microbubbles is the ultrasonic monitoring of local blood flow in the abdomen (analogous to the earlier use of gas microbubbles to monitor myocardial perfusion (ref. 443)). Such refined ultrasonic blood flow measurements, utilizing injected... 

Thermal sensor array systems for medical-analytical purposes were developed early [7]. Temperature distributions and blood perfusion in the brain were measured with thin film thermistors exhibiting a temperature resolution of 0.1 mK with a time constant of few milliseconds. 

The DMSO induced increased blood flow was measured using the moorLDI laser Doppler imager (Moor Instruments Ltd, Devon, UK). The instrument scans a low power laser beam in a raster pattern over the skin. Moving blood in the microvasculature causes a Doppler shift, which is processed to build up a color-coded image of cutaneous blood flow. The mean and standard deviation of the blood perfusion units in a region of interest was calculated. 

FIGURE 37.2 DMSO response of xerotic leg skin, (a) Dose dependent increase of DMSO induced cutaneous blood flow before on untreated skin, (b) After twice daily application of a water-in-oil emulsion for six weeks the response was markedly reduced. DMSO induced blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler imager. Data expressed as blood perfusion units. Statistical significance was determined using the paired r-test ( p >. 05,... 

With this in mind, the two major themes of this chapter focus on (1) a comparison of the quahty and usefulness of the data generated in ex vivo isolated blood-perfused organ models with the data obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies, and (2) the advantages of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) over other analytical techniques for the measurement of the fate and effects of drugs in perfused organ models. 

As part of the diagnosis of asthma, blood gas measurements are frequently made. In mild asthma, decreases in the of arterial blood are observed due to ventilation-perfusion abnormalities that result from the presence of regions of reduced ventilation within the lung. 

When injected into a systemic artery, microspheres indicate regional blood flow in that organ. Myocardial blood flow was measured in dogs (Fortuin et al. 1971 Weller et al. 1972). Tc-HAM has also been used for measuring regional blood perfusion in the heart (Martin et al. 1973) and the brain in monkeys (Aim 1975). This method has been used for the measurement of the shunted blood through patent arteriovenous connections in the leg after femoral artery injection (Rhodes et al. 1969, 1973). 

Tsuchida T, Yonekura Y, Sadato N, Iwasaki Y, Tamaki N, Konishi J, Fujita T, Matoba N, Nishizawa S, Magata Y (1992) Brain perfusion SPECT with [Tc-99m]-L,L-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) in comparison with regional cerebral blood flow measured by PET underestimation in the high flow range. J Nucl Med 33(Abstr) 966... 

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