ABO blood group system

S. Haromori, Molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO system. Nature 345 229-233, 1990. 

Yamamoto, F., Clausen, H., White, T., Marken, J. and Hakomori, S. Molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO system. Nature 19, 345, 229-233. 

Contamination of blood products with lymphocytes can lead to transfusion-induced reactions ranging from a mild fever to severe reactions such as alloimmunization and graft versus host disease (GvHD), in which the transfused lymphocytes (graft) survive the defensive immune reaction of the patient (host) and start a reaction which destroys the cells of the host. The patient also may develop an immune response to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type of the graft s cells and reject all platelet transfusions that do not match their own HLA system. The HLA system, found on blood platelets and lymphocytes, is more compHcated than, but similar to, the ABO blood group system of red cells. 

Biologicals. Figure 1 The ABO blood group system with immunochemical specificity due to terminal sugars and reciprocal antibodies in the serum. From Immunity Immune Response in Inflammatory Disease by DeFranco, Locksley and Robertson [2]. 

THE BIOCHEMICAL BASES OF THE ABO BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED... 

ABO Blood group system (A, AB, B, and O) ARD Acute respiratory disease adult respiratory... 

Karl Landstiener was the first to demonstrate the existence of different blood group antigens in 1900. We now recognize 29 different blood group systems comprising over 250 antigens, but the most well known are the ABO (also known as ABH) and rhesus (Rh) systems. 

During blood transfusions, immune reactions can occur that destroy the erythrocytes transfused from the donor. These reactions result from the formation of antibodies (see p. 300) directed to certain surface structures on the erythrocytes. Known as blood group antigens, these are proteins or oligosaccharides that can differ from individual to individual. More than 20 different blood group systems are now known. The ABO system and the Rh system are of particular clinical importance. 

The oligosaccharide structures responsible for the ABO blood-group system have been related by using the appropriate glycosyltransferases for interconversion, and the results have been reviewed.223,373 Blood-group H substance (91) was converted374 into an A-active substance (92) with... 

Marcus, D. M., The ABO and Lewis Blood-Group System. Immunochem-... 

The fact that blood grouping and/or typing antigens exist has been known since Landsteiner discovered the ABO system around 1900 (1). Since then over 246 published antigens have been found however, only three of these antigenic systems, the ABO, MN and Rh, have received crime laboratory acceptance (2). Until several years ago most crime laboratories did only ABO groupings however, with the improvements of specific antisera and the increased sensitivity of detection techniques, the MN and Rh systems have also been adopted as reliable systems. 

The canine gastric juice does not contain blood group antigens of a human ABO(H) system (H48). 

Watkins WM (1995) Molecular basis of antigenic specificity in the ABO, H and Lewis blood-group systems. In Montreuil J, Vliegen-thart JFG, Schachter H (eds) Glycoproteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 313... 

Beside the ABO blood group system a number of additional carbohydrate-based antigenic determinants are known (O Table 2), which are, however, not only recognized by antibodies. Some of them are more highly expressed on tumor cells and therefore can be described as tumor-associated antigens [115]. Synthetic tumor-associated antigens such as Lewis y or Globo H have been used in the development of antitumor vaccines [116,117]. 

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