Blood flow velocity

Wojner-Alexander AW, Garami Z, Chernyshev OY, Alexandrov AV. Heads down flat positioning improves blood flow velocity in acute ischemic stroke. Neurology 2005 64(8) 1354-1357. 

Chan K-H, Miller JD, Dearden NM, Andrews PJ, Midgley S. The effect of changes in cerebral perfusion pressure upon middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation after severe brain injury. J Neurosurg 1992 77(1) 55-61. 

Christmann V et al Changes in cerebral, renal and mesenteric blood flow velocity during continuous and bolus infusion of indomethacin. Acta Paediatr 2002 91 440. [PMID 12061361]... 

Clinically, PC-MRA is often used for laminar flow with few pulsations as for example in the cerebral venous sinuses. Many users apply it as a thick slab 2D technique with short acquisition times and primary projective vessel depiction. 3D PC-MRA demands relatively long measurement times for data acquisition and is somewhat sensitive to patient movements. Principally, phase contrast methods additionally enable a quantification of blood flow velocity and the assessment of flow directions. 

Benedict et al. (1986) modified the electrical induction of thrombosis by use of two Doppler flow probes proximal and distal to the needle electrode in order to measure changes in blood flow velocity. The electrical current was stopped at 50 % increase in flow velocity and thrombosis then occurred spontaneously. The important role of serotonin was demonstrated by increases in coronary sinus serotonin levels just prior to occlusion. 

Videoanalyzer and correlator to determine blood flow velocity. 

Seiffge D, Kremer E (1986) Influence of ADP, blood flow velocity, and vessel diameter on the laser-induced thrombus. Thromb Res 42 331-341... 

The cause of cocaine-related stroke and transient ischemic attacks has been studied by transcranial Doppler sonography, a continuous measure of cerebral blood flow velocity, to monitor the course of cerebral hemodynamic changes during acute intravenous injection of placebo, and of cocaine 10, 25, and 50 mg in seven cocaine abusers (150). There was a significant increase in mean and systolic velocity (lasting about 2 minutes) with all doses of cocaine but not with placebo. Cocaine produced an immediate brief period of vasoconstriction... 

Rubba P, Mercuri M, Faccenda F et al. (1994). Premature carotid atherosclerosis does it occur in both familial hypercholesterolemia and homocystinuria Ultrasound assessment of arterial intima-media thickness and blood flow velocity. Stroke 25 943-950 Rubinstein SM, Peerdeman SM, van Tulder MW et al. (2005). A systematic review of the risk factors for cervical artery dissection. Stroke 36 1575-1580... 

Brimonidine also does not appear to alter retinal capillary blood flow or vasomotor activity of the anterior optic nerve. Measurements of blood flow velocities in central retinal, ophthalmic, nasal, and temporal posterior ciliary arteries do not change when 0.2% brimonidine is administered twice daily. When applied to human eyes, brimonidine appears to have little or no contralateral lowering effect on lOP. 

The Doppler effect is produced by changes in wavelength due to the reflection of sound on moving particles (e. g. erythrocytes). Consequently, the direction of flow (away from or towards the sound source) as well as hsflow rate in arterial and venous vessels can be determined. The fhw volume is then calculated by additional sonographic measurement of the vessel diameter. It has been shown that the rate of flow is clearly dependent upon the respiratory activity, so that an increase in blood flow velocity can be determined with maximum exspiration as well as postprandially (normal value 18-30 cm/sec). (14, 19, 32, 34, 42, 77, 91, 162)... 

Van Bel F, Van de Bor M, Stijnen T, Baan J, Ruys JH. Cerebral blood flow velocity changes in preterm infants after a single dose of indomethacin duration of its effect. Pediatrics 1989 84(5) 802-7. 

Siepmann M, Kirch W. Effects of nitroglycerine on cerebral blood flow velocity, quantitative electroencephalogram and cognitive performance. Eur J Chn Invest 2000 30(9) 832-7. 

Kovarik WD, Mayberg TS, Lam AM, Mathisen TL, Winn HR. Succinylchohne does not change intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity, or the electroencephalogram in patients with neurologic injury. Anesth Analg 1994 78(3) 469-73. 

Cerebral blood flow velocity in infants treated with an intravenous bolus dose of aminophylUne was reduced, perhaps because of a reduction in PCO2, due to aminophylUne (33). 

Rosenkrantz TS, Oh W. Aminophylline reduces cerebral blood flow velocity in low-birth-weight infants. Am J Dis Child 1984 138(5) 489-91. 

PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells RBFV renal blood flow velocity... 

E. Eichhom, P. A. Graybum, J. E. Willard, V. Anderson, J. B. Bcdotto, Carry M., J. K. Kahn and J. T. Willerson, Spontaneous alterations in coronary blood flow velocity before and after coronary angioplasty in patients with severe angina, J Am Coll Cardiol 17, 43-52 (1991). 

M. S. Flynn, M. J. Kern, F. V. Aguirre, R. G. Bach, E. A. Caracciolo and T. J. Donohue, Alterations in coronary blood flow velocity during intracoronary thrombolysis and rescue coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction, Cath Cardiovasc Diag 31, 219-224 (1994). 

R. A. M. Van Liebergen, J. J. Piek, K. T. Koch, R. J. de Winter and K. I. Lie, Immediate and long-term effect of balloon angioplasty or stent implantation on the absolute and relative coronary blood flow velocity reserve, Circulation 98, 2133-2140 (1998). 

Chung, H., Harris, A., Kristinsson, J., Ciulla, T., Kagemann, C., and Ritch, R. 1999. Ginkgo biloba extract increases ocular blood flow velocity. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 15, 233-240. 

Sonkin PL, Sinclair SH, Hatchell D. The effect of pentoxyfylline on retinal capillary blood flow velocity and whole blood velocity. Am J Ophthalmol 1993 115 775-780. 

Chen and Holmes (1980) showed that in addition to the blood perfusion term, the blood flow in the microvasculature may have at least two contributions to heat transfer a contribution proportional to the local blood flow velocity vector b, and a contribution proportional to the temperature gradient similar to the effective thermal conduction term. They also suggest that in some circumstances, these two additional contributions may be negligible compared to the perfusion term. 

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