Blood Composition Changes

FIGURE 22.2 Albumin (black bars) and total protein (g ray bars) concentrations during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Albumin concentrations are reduced significantly during pregnancy when compared to postpartum values at 6 months ( = P 0.01). (Data from Frederiksen MC et al. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986 40 321-8.) 

Pregnancy is also associated with a partially compensated respiratory alkalosis that may affect the protein binding of some drugs. Respiratory changes in pregnancy include a decrease in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide to 30.9 mm Hg, most likely due to the effect of progesterone (23,24). In compensation, serum bicarbonate decreases, and maternal serum pH increases slightly to 7.44 (23). 

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Chronic toxication, metabolic changes, changes in the blood composition, changes in the white blood count, leukocytosis, anaemia, chromosomal changes at least 0.01-1 g/m and more 3-20 Many observations without statement of concentration ... 

Yu, M.H. and H.-L.S. Hwang. 1986. Influence of protein and ascorbic acid on fluoride-induced changes in blood composition and skeletal fluoride deposition in mice. In Fluoride Research 1985, H. Tsunoda and M.-H. Yu, Eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 203-210. 

Many pathological conditions are accompanied by disturbances of the acid-base balance and electrolyte composition of the blood. These changes are usually reflected in the acid-base pattern and anion-cation composition of ECF, as measured in blood. However, results obtained on blood or plasma may not always reflect the acid-base status of the ICF. 

Changes in the complex phenomena represented by each of these terms will result in changes in the haemostatic efficiency. The significant values for K are and KJ, the critical thrombotic value and the critical haemorrhagic value. When the product of V.CjF reaches the value Kf at a certain point in the circulation, thrombosis will be initiated. When it falls to K, at a certain point in the circulation, haemorrhage will result. Anticoagulants chiefly (but not solely) affect C (the composition of the blood) to decrease haemostatic efficiency. The three factors, vessel wall, blood composition and blood flow are not completely independent. The vessel wall component is affected by blood composition and blood flow, and vice versa, and situations arise where thrombosis and haemorrhage can occur simultaneously in the circulation of the same individual. 

Uchiyama, T., K. Tokoi, and T. Deki. 1985. Successive changes in the blood composition of the experimental normal beagle dogs accompanied with age. Experimental Animals... 

When sufficient time has elapsed for the subject to have established a new steady state, the composition of the blood has changed radically. The kidney... 

As Barcroft has shown, the freedom of human life, as expressed in repose and action, requires constancy in the composition of the blood and the cerebro-spinal fluid, while the stability of the internal environment as a whole requires inter-dependent mechanisms for storage, distribution and removal of solutes. Transitory changes in the blood due to metabolic activity are compensated for by si)ecially adapted systems for neutralisation, detoxication, and pulmonary and renal excretion, and form part of the routine physiological activities of life. Excessive changes in the blood composition are the result of pathological processes, resulting in abnormal metabolism or in defective compensation and excretory dysfunction. 

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