Blood catecholamine content

Lundy and McKay studied the effects of CR on the cardiovascular system. These studies examined the effects of CR, administered via the i.v. route, on cardiovascular activity. A dose-dependent increase in blood pressure of short duration was observed. Stimulation of the heart rate and increased arterial catecholamine content were also noted following treatment with CR. The authors postulated that the CR-induced cardiovascular effect was related to sympathetic nervous system effects as evidenced by the abolition of CR-induced pressor effect by phentolamine and... 

Despite their successful use for at least 20 years, the mechanisms by which they lower the blood pressure remain uncertain. Theories to explain the antihypertensive effectiveness of the diuretic agents have included a) alteration of sodium and water content on arterial smooth muscle, b) the induction of a decreased vascular response to catecholamines, c) a decrease in blood volume and total extracellular fluid volume, and d) a direct vasodilator action independent from the diuretic effect(12). 

In contrast, the content of norepinephrine is substantially lower than the content of dopamine (28). Catecholamine-containing neurons do not innervate the parenchymal cells of the bovine parathyroid gland only an occasional norepinephrine-containing neuron terminating upon a blood vessel is demonstrated by fluorescence histochemistry (22). 

Antidiurectic hormone Antistreptolysin O titer Bilirubin, urine Captopril renal scan Carbon dioxide content Catecholamines Chloride, blood Computed tomography of kidney... 

The vesicles play a dual role they maintain a ready supply of catecholamines at the nerve terminal that is available for immediate release, and they mediate the process of release. When an action potential reaches the nerve terminal, Ca channels open, allowing an influx of Ca, which promotes the fusion of vesicles with the neuronal membrane. The vesicles then discharge their soluble contents, including the neurotransmitters, ATP, chromogranins, and DBH, into the extraneuronal space by the process of exocytosis. In some cases, the catecholamines affect other neurons. In other cases, they circulate in the blood and initiate responses in peripheral tissues. 

Documented effects An extract of this herb sharply iuCTeases blood pressure, due to its high noradrenaline content. Hemostatic action for internal hemorrhaging has been documented (Khalmatov 1964). In experiments with mice and rats, an ethanolic extract of the dried aboveground parts showed significant antiinflammatory and analgesic effects after intra-peritoneal and topical, but not oral, administration (Chan et al. 2000). Studies indicated that the consumption of the plant may help to reduce the occurrence of cancer and heart diseases. Catecholamines (noradrenaline and dopamine) contained in the plant are generally considered to be the effective component in the treatment of shock. Studies have also shown that noradrenaline is a modulator of the immune system and may have anti-cancer properties (Chen et al. 2003). 

Female rats kept under controlled environmental conditions were given a single intraperitoneal injection of saline solutions of isoproterenol (80 pg), epinephrine (80 or I60 pg), norepinephrine (80 or 160 p.g), dopamine (l mg), vasopressin (500 mU), histamine (300 jig), or 0.9 normal saline (0.2 ml). Throughout this paper all doses are expressed as weight units of free base. Ten minutes after the injection they were decapitated and the plasma separated ffom the pooled heparinized blood, was frozen and stored at -12 C until assayed for its ACTH content. The results as shown in Table 1, indicate that norepinephrine is more potent than epinephrine which is in turn more potent than isoproterenol in stimulating ACTH secretion, and that dopamine, histamine, and vasopressin in larger amounts have a similar effect. Since the potency of the catecholamines in this respect appeared to be... 

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