Bleeding models

Klement R Carlsson S, RakJ, et al. The benefit-to-risk profile of melagatran is superior to that of hirudin in a rabbit arterial thrombosis prevention and bleeding model. J Thromb Haemost 2003 1 587-594. 

Klement et al. (1998) described another ear bleeding model in anaesthetized rabbits. The shaved ear was immersed in a beaker containing saline at 37 °C. Five full-thickness cuts were made with a no. 11 Bard-Parker scalpel blade avoiding major vessels and the ear was immediately re-immersed in saline. At different times thereafter (5 to 30 min) aliquots of the saline solution were removed, red cells were sedimented and lysed, and cyanohemoglobin was determined as... 

Klement P, Liao P, Hirsh J et al. (1998) Hirudin causes more bleeding than heparin in a rabbit ear bleeding model. J Lab Clin Med 132 181-185... 

Curing of Polyimlde Resin. Thermoset processing involves a large number of simultaneous and interacting phenomena, notably transient and coupled heat and mass transfer. This makes an empirical approach to process optimization difficult. For instance, it is often difficult to ascertain the time at which pressure should be applied to consolidate the laminate. If the pressure is applied too early, the low resin viscosity will lead to excessive bleed and flash. But if the pressure is applied too late, the diluent vapor pressure will be too high or the resin molecular mobility too low to prevent void formation. This example will outline the utility of our finite element code in providing an analytical model for these cure processes. 

Toremifene is an estrogen receptor antagonist. The pharmacokinetics of toremifene are best described by a two-compartment model, with an a half-life of 4 hours and an elimination half-life of 5 days. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved approximately 3 hours after an oral dose. Toremifene is metabolized extensively, with metabolites found primarily in the feces. Toremifene is used for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor-positive or unknown tumors. Toremifene causes hot flashes, vaginal bleeding, thromboembolism, and visual acuity changes. 

The calculation of protein proximity and hence association on the basis of sensitized emission or FSPIM requires correction for direct acceptor excitation and donor bleed through using several mathematical models and instrument correction factors [22, 59-61], which is difficult to control [22] (see also Chapters 7 and 8). A high detected acceptor to donor signal ratio in these techniques may also reflect other phenomena than FRET. For instance, this ratio is dependent on cellular expression levels and subcellular localizations, which are difficult to control. Additionally, for the widely used... 

Several viscosity and kinetic models, and experimental procedures for developing these models, are available for a number of commercially available resin systems [1-5]. These models allow insight into autoclave process decisions based on changes in resin viscosity and kinetic behavior and can be used to determine hold temperatures and durations that allow sufficient resin flow and cross-linking to avoid over bleeding, exotherms, and void formation. 

Figure 6.20 shows the effect of bleeding ratio on the cell productivity for the Monod model. As j3 is reduced from 1 (no recycling) to 0.5, the cell productivity is doubled. 

A recent materials innovation in this field describes a method for coating microporous calcium phosphate onto stainless steel acupuncture needles [18]. The incorporation of trehalose into the porous coating acted as a model fast-dissolving reservoir for the potential loading and stabilizing of protein and DNA vaccines. The coated needles were shown to remain intact following contravention of the stratum corneum and allow access of the coated material to the viable epidermis. Importantly, no evidence of skin reaction, bleeding, or infection was observed. 

The experimental test and model comparison have been carried out without bleed and hot bypass, but with a cold bypass valve opening of 40%. The use of the cold-air bypass valve (FV-170) allows compressor discharge to be directed into the turbine inlet, bypassing the heat exchangers, air plenum and fuel cell simulator. FV-170 is a nominal 15.4 cm ID Fisher-Rosemont V-150 Vee-Ball control valve with a full range slew rate of 1.5 seconds. 

The simulation of a gas distribution system having a tree structure with one supplier may be reduced to a system of equations which has as many dependent variables as there are sinks or consumers. At each sink, the pressure (pressure control loop termination) or the mass flowrate (mass flowrate control loop termination) must be specified. The purpose of this short paper is to demonstrate some of the most commonly used mathematical models for the simulation of a gas net with a tree structure and point out some of the problons which arise if the net has an overload, a severe leakage or a bleeding at one point or another leading to choked flow. 

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