Hydrophobic activators bleaches

Green coloration, present in many vegetable oils, poses a particular problem in oil extracted from immature or damaged soybeans. Chlorophyll is the compound responsible for this defect. StmcturaHy, chlorophyll is composed of a porphyrin ring system, in which magnesium is the central metal atom, and a phytol side chain which imparts a hydrophobic character to the stmcture. Conventional bleaching clays are not as effective for removal of chlorophylls as for red pigments, and specialized acid-activated adsorbents or carbon are required. 

All proteolytic enzymes described are fairly non-specific serine endoproteases, cleaving peptide chains preferentially at the carboxyl side of hydrophobic amino acid residues. The enzymes convert their substrates into small, readily soluble fragments which can be removed easily from fabrics. Only serine protease can be used in detergent formulations, as thiol proteases such as papain would be oxidized by the bleaching agents, acidic proteases are not active at common laundry conditions, and metalloproteases such as thermolysin would lose their metal cofactors because of complexation with the water-softening agents or hydroxyl ions. 

The presence of surfactants also influences the overall efficiency of other active ingredients of detergents, e.g. bleach and enzymes. Afirst requirement for the efficacy of these ingredients is a wetting of the textile substrate and hydrophobic or oily soils by the washing liquor. Besides this wetting function, all the other effects of soil removal of surfactants which have been... 

It is reported that the metal ions in these catalysts dissociate slowly under harsh conditions and therefore reportedly exhibit thermal stability. It is also reported that a major benefit of these catalysts includes beneficial effects with one or more primary oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, preformed peradds, or monopersulfate. Additionally, unlike traditional catalyst containing Mn(II), these have little to no color and are reportedly well matched with ADD compositions. They may also work well with other ADD ingredients such as hydrophobic bleach activators. 

Under cold wash conditions, hydrophobic bleaching activators are preferably used, as their peracids are more reactive and show a certain afhnity for dirt, resulting in reasonable bleaching even in diluted detergent solutions. In addition, the surface-active activator supports the surfactant system in ranoving particularly persistent dirt, such as dingy stains from collars, sleeves, and socks. Currently the activator NOBS dominates the North American market, whereas in Japan and parts of Asia the related systems LOBS and DOBA are in use. The global consumption of hydro-phobic activators amounts to approximately one third of the quantity of TAED. 

Seebach, M. et al., inventor, WO 03/078561 Ammonium nitriles and the use thereof as hydrophobic bleaching activators, Clariant, 2003. 

Dietsche, E. and Oftring A., inventor, WO 2006/082153 Polymeric hydrophobic aminonitrile quats used as bleach activators, BASE, 2002. 

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