Bleach, disinfectant disinfectants

The aqueous solution of sodium chlorate(I) is an important liquid bleach and disinfectant. It is produced commercially by the electrolysis of cold aqueous sodium chloride, the anode and cathode products being mixed. The sodium chloride remaining in the solution does not usually matter. There is evidence to suggest that iodic(I) acid has some basic character... 

Most of the chlorine produced is used in the manufacture of chlorinated compounds for sanitation, pulp bleaching, disinfectants, and textile processing. Further use is in the manufacture of chlorates, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and in the extraction of bromine. 

In addition to being the most widely used disinfectant for water treatment, chlorine is extensively used in a variety of products, including paper products, dyestuffs, textiles, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, antiseptics, insecticides, foodstuffs, solvents, paints, and other consumer products. Most chlorine produced is used in the manufacture of chlorinated compounds for sanitation, pulp bleaching, disinfectants, and textile processing. It is also used in the manufacture of chlorates, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride and in the extraction of bromine. Among other past uses, chlorine served as a war gas during World War I. 

NafXll — 2500(X) tpa (on a dry basis) u.sed mainly for household liquid bleach, laundries, disinfection of swimming pools, municipal water supplies and sewage, and the industrial manufacture of N2H4 and organic chemicals. 

Sodium hypochlorite is the main ingredient in laundry bleach. Despite the fact that it is commonly referred to as chlorine bleach, in normal use there is no chlorine gas involved in the action of bleaching or disinfecting. 

We bleach our clothes. We bleach our hair. We bleach our teeth. We bleach our skin. We bleach our food. We use bleaches to disinfect and deodorize. 

Avoidance of offending allergens is difficult. Mold growth can be reduced by keeping household humidity below 50% and removing obvious growth with bleach or disinfectant. 

Potassium permanganate Important reagent in analytical and synthetic organic chemistry used in bleaching applications, disinfectants, antibacterials and antifungal agents used in water purification. 

Sodium hypochlorite is the primary hypochlorite used as a bleach and disinfectant, accounting for 83% of world hypochlorite use, with calcium hypochlorite accounting for the remaining 17%. Approximately 1 million tons of sodium hypochlorite was used globally in 2005, with about half this amount used in households for laundry bleaching and disinfection. The other half was used primarily for wastewater and drinking water treatment other uses include pool sanitation, bleaching of pulp, paper, and textiles, and as an industrial chemical. 

Such solutions are marketed as household bleaches and disinfectants (Javex and Clorox, for example) and are used industrially as oxidants. Given the chemical and biological activity of hypochlorite solutions, however, it is necessary to destroy any significant quantities of hypochlorites in wastewater before it is discharged into rivers or lakes. This can be done by reduction with sulfite ion or hydrogen peroxide ... 

Halogen a ted Hydantoins. These are stable solids with limited use as bleaches. They dissolve too slowly to use in household laundry and automatic dishwashing. l,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin [118-52-5] (3) is sold with 65—75% available chlorine. It is used as a bleach in hospital and other industrial laundries and in disinfectant cleaners. Some l-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin [6079-88-2] is also used. It is a more effective bleach and disinfectant at lower temperatures and higher alkalinities than l,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin because it hydrolyzes to hypobromite. 

Hypochlorous acid and hypochlorites are used for bleaching and disinfection. They produce active (nascent) oxygen, O, as shown by the reaction below, and the resulting oxidizing action is largely responsible for the toxicity of hypochlorous acid and hypochlorites as irritants to eye, skin, and mucous membrane tissue. 

The combination of borax with lemon is also a good, strong alternative. A paste of lemon juice and borax is an excellent substance with which to clean the toilet bowl (apply pulp, let it soak for two hours, and scrub with toilet brush). Borax is also a good product for bleaching and disinfecting. Do not, however, confuse borax with baking soda When consumed or inhaled, borax is very toxic. (Also see entry 161). 

H202 marketed in retail stores is used as a bleach and disinfectant. The structure of the H202 molecule can be shown as follows ... 

Iron, steel, and other alloys batteries glass fireworks oxidant for cleaning, bleaching and disinfection purposes 23, 3529, 362, 37, 38... 

Note that in this reaction chlorine is both oxidized (from 0 in Cl2 to +1 in HOC1) and reduced (from 0 in Cl2 to —1 in Cl-). Such a reaction, in which a given element is both oxidized and reduced, is called a disproportionation reaction. Hypochlorous acid and its salts are strong oxidizing agents their solutions are widely used as household bleaches and disinfectants. 

A powerful oxidizer. Incompatible with combustible materials, ammonium salts, nitrogenous materials. Used to chlorinate swimming pools and in cleaning, bleaching, disinfecting, sanitizing. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cr, NOx, and Na20. 

---