Blackbox

The model learned is usually a blackbox and does not provide any insight into the physical phenomena and events influencing the process outputs. 

The model induced via the decision tree is not a blackbox, and provides explicit and interpretable rules for solving the pattern classification problem. The most relevant variables are also clearly identified. For example, for the data in Table I, the value of the temperature are not necessary for obtaining good or bad quality, as is clearly indicated by the decision tree in Fig. 22. 

Subramaniam, K. "Inscriptions, facts and blackboxes is modem science radically different " In Situating the history of science dialogues with Joseph Needham, eds. S. Irfan Habib and Dhruv Raina, 325-348. Oxford OUP, 1999. 

The procedure presented above is integration-free and essentially automated. We hope it could be used by non-path-integral experts or experimentalists as a blackbox for any given system [12, 13]. 

Eaithfull, N.T. (1996) NIR - a blackbox technique for agricultural analyses. Journal of the University of Wales Agricultural Society 76, 29-38. 

The CR-EOMCCSD(T) approach is a purely single-reference, blackbox method based on the MMCC(2,3) approximation, in which the wave function jH/ ) entering Eq. (67) is designed by using the singly and doubly excited cluster amplitudes tl and defining Ti and T2, respectively, obtained in the CCSD calculations, and the zero-, one- and two-body amplitudes ro p), rl pL) and r pi), defining R, 1, and respectively. 

The superresolution microscope, in essence, just like the common microscope, is no more than a device for measurement of position, for the mapping of material points. Essentially both types work in the following way. The point forming the object are illuminated, generating diffused light that is eventually captured by the microscope. In this conceptual analysis, the microscope must be treated like a blackbox, since there is no need to go into the particulars of its working. 

While this subjective approach was perfectly justifiable for a small experimental analysis, it could play no part in the large analysis contemplated for which all decisions had to be made in an automatic blackbox fashion. We dealt with this problem by writing a piece of software that automatically cut out the innermost parts of rotation curves that were judged, according to objectively defined statistical criteria, to be unusually affected by the presence of the bulge. The effectiveness of this process was tested by means completely independent of the present considerations. 

An automatic and predefined blackbox technique for removing the effects of the bulge on disk dynamics. 

Support of unknown policies. It should be possible to account for policies which may be not completely known or even be specified and enforced in external systems. These policies are like blackboxes for which no (complete) specification is provided, but that can be queried at access control time. Think, for instance, of a situation where given accesses are subject, in addition to other policies, to a policy P enforcing central administration approval . Neither the description of P, nor the specific accesses that it allows might be available whereas P can respond yes or no to each specific request. Run-time evaluation is therefore the only possible option for P. In the context of a more complex and complete policy including P as a component, the specification could be partially compiled, leaving only P (and its possible consequences) to be evaluated at run time. 

Crucially, discrete Ln/Al organometallics were unambiguously identified as intermediates of the commercially applied neodymium-based diene polymerization and subsequently employed in binary initiator mixtures. Particularly for the industrially relevant O-only bonded carboxylate- and alk(aryl)oxide rare-earth metal components, the use of pre-alkylated Ln derivatives developed into valuable structure-reactivity relationships partially uncovering the blackbox, which is provided by ternary Ziegler Misch-katalysatoren. Accordingly, rare-earth metal centers provide a unique stereo-... 

From a simulation viewpoint units SO, S6 and S7 may be considered blackboxes. On the contrary, SI to S5 are simulated by rigorous distillation columns, as sieve trays. In the steady state all the reactors can be described by a stoichiometric approach, but kinetic models are useful for Rl, R2 and R4 in dynamic simulation [7, 8]. As shown before, the reaction network should be formulated so as to use a minimum of representative chemical species, but respecting the atomic balance. This approach is necessary because yield reactors can misrepresent the process. 

In practice, one is often faced with choosing a model that is easily interpretable but may not approximate a response very well, such as a low-order polynomial regression, or with choosing a black box model, such as the random-function model in equations (l)-(3). Our approach makes this blackbox model interpretable in two ways (a) the ANOVA decomposition provides a quantitative screening of the low-order effects, and (b) the important effects can be visualized. By comparison, in a low-order polynomial regression model, the relationship between input variables and an output variable is more direct. Unfortunately, as we have seen, the complexities of a computer code may be too subtle for such simple approximating models. 

Home, D.S. (1998). Casein interactions casting light on the blackboxes, the structure in dairy... 

Muller s "Instrumentation in Analysis" essays are of interest for many reasons we can find in them an explicit articulated definition of modern objective instrumental methods they clearly show how these developments were tied to industrial needs and, because of this connection, we can see how technological values of blackboxing, standardization, and cost efficiency get tied to this emerging notion of instrumental objectivity. Muller serves as an excellent witness to changes in this notion of objectivity and the tensions that produced them. 

Hence, there are subtle but important differences between modeling and simulation. Modeling looks back in time, whereas simulation looks forward. Simulation is used to answer What if..., whereas modeling is used to answer What happened Modeling requires data, simulation requires models that may or may not be built on data. Both M S are sensitive to their assumptions and any blackbox aspects in their use, both of which may lead to criticism of a M S exercise. Furthermore, both M S can be used to identify important variables and can be used to summarize and understand complex systems. 

I Administration. Teriparatide is contraindicated in patients with Paget s disease of the bone, unexplained elevations in alkaline phosphatase, or a history of previous skeletal radiation therapy (a blackbox warning from the manufacturer). Osteosarcoma was seen in a small number of rats, but the incidence in humans is unknown but of potential concern. 

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