Black-box

Identification of the material properties as an estimation of transfer function (TF) for the black box model. In this case the problem of identification is solving according to the results of the input (IN) and output (OUT) actions. There is a transfer of notion of mathematical description of TF on characterization of the material. This logical substitution gives us an opportunity to formalize testing procedure and describe the material as a set of formulae, which can be used for quantitative and qualitative characterization of the materials. 

Figure 1. Dynamic model of testing of the material as a black box , where IN - loads and actions OUT - response of the material as measuring characteristics N - noise (combination of uncertain factors) ...

Unfortunately, the supennolecule approach [81, 82] is full of teclmical diflSculties, which stem chiefly from the very small magnitude of the interaction energy relative to the energy of the supennolecule. Even today, a novice would be ill-advised to attempt such a computation using one of the black-box computer programs available for perfonning ab initio calculations. 

Increased trust in pattern recognition The active user involvement in the data mining process can lead to a deeper understanding of the data and increases the trust in the resulting patterns. In contrast, "black box" systems often lead to a higher uncertainty, because the user usually does not know, in detail, what happened during the data analysis process. This may lead to a more difficult data interpretation and/or model prediction. 

HyperChem should not he viewed as a black box that computes on ly wb at its design ers th ougb L correct, tthasan open architecture that makes it possible to customize it many ways. As far as is possible, the parameters of molecular mechanics and semi-empir-ieal calculations are in the user s baruis. As the tech n ic ues of software engineering advance and onr expertise in building new... 

Table 3-3 The "Black Box" Estimates for Losses within the Various Topologies...

This completes the black box estimates portion of the design program. As one can see, some very useful information can be determined by performing these estimates. 

Controlling high frequency noise generation and radiation is the blackest of the black box art in switching power supply and product-system design. It is a subject that warrants a book all to itself and it is the final area that will interfere with the release of your product into the market. This appendix cannot adequately cover the subject, but will overview the major considerations involved with product design. 

Catalytic crackings operations have been simulated by mathematical models, with the aid of computers. The computer programs are the end result of a very extensive research effort in pilot and bench scale units. Many sets of calculations are carried out to optimize design of new units, operation of existing plants, choice of feedstocks, and other variables subject to control. A background knowledge of the correlations used in the "black box" helps to make such studies more effective. 

This chapter describes the room air conditioning process, including the interaction of different flow elements room air distribution, heating and cooling methods, process sources, and disturbances. Air handling equipment, including toom air heaters, is discussed in the form of black boxes as far as possible. 

The most common types of errors are probably those that occur because operators treat the computer as a black box, that is, something that will do what we want it to do without the need to understand what goes on inside it. There is no fault in the hardware or software, but nevertheless the system does not perform in the way that the designer or oper-... 

As computer programs evolve they become easier to use. Modem programs often communicate with the user in terms of a graphical interface, and many methods have become essential black box procedures if you can draw the molecule, you can also do the calculation. This effectively means that you no longer have to be a highly trained theoretician to run even quite sophisticated calculations. 

A multivariable model is like a black box. The constraints go in and the signals come out. Operators do not trust a system that takes the unit away from them. Successful installations require good training and continual communication. The operators must know the interconnections in the system. 

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