BITUMINOUS ROOFING MATERIAL

For low slope commercial roofing, bituminous-based roof coverings are the most common systems in the United States. Asphalt-based materials predominate over coal-tar based materials in these systems. For residential roofing materials, various types of roofing products, including asphalt, wood, and tile, ate used for both new constmction and reroofing. 

The greater portion of PVC is installed in the mechanically fastened roofing system a lesser portion is installed in fully adhered appHcations. Although PVC was once heavily used in ballasted roofing systems, there are only a small number installed in the 1990s. Fleece-back membrane is popular in the PVC constmction for both fully adhered appHcations as well as in appHcations where a separator sheet is needed. PVCs ate resistant to vafious weather conditions, bactefial growth, and industfial chemicals. These membranes ate chemically incompatible with bituminous materials. PVCs ate offered in a variety of colors. The physical characteristics of a PVC membrane have been described (15). 

Waterproof. Waterproofing barrier systems may be either hot- or cold-appHed. The hot-appHed generaUy involve a bituminous material such as asphalt used in conjunction with a reinforcing fabric such as roofing felt, cotton, or glass cloth. Cold-appHed can be bituminous or elastomeric materials either in Hquid or sheet form, with or without fabric reinforcement. Liquid elastomeric treatments include neoprene, polyurethanes, and blends of these or epoxies with bituminous materials. Among the commonly used precured elastomeric sheet materials are neoprene, polyisobutylene, EPDM mbber, and plasticized PVC. Polyethylene and PVC films and nonwoven plastic or glass fabric coated with bituminous materials also find use (78). Because these... 

Road oils, asphalts, roofing, and other bituminous materials are heated to aid their application on arrival. 

The built-up roof membrane consists of bitumen, reinforced with roofing felts, and aggregates which protect the bitumen from the UV radiation and oxidation. Bituminous materials have been used since 3500 BC. Because of their waterproofing, preservative, and binder characteristics, they were utilized by the ancients for the construction of houses and roads. " Bituminous materials were also used by ancient civilizations such as Egyptians for construction, mummification, waterproofing, preservatives, and binders. 

This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-g on Roofing, Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 on Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Builtup Roofing. 

ASTM Standards on Bituminous Materials for Highway CJonstruction, Waterproofing, and Roofing, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., yearly.. ... 

Specialty Eaves Flashing Membranes. Specialty eaves flashing membranes are polymer-modified bituminous sheet materials that are used as underlayment to resist leakage of shingle roofs as a result of ice dams. These sheet materials contain an adhesive layer which is exposed by removing its protective sheet. Special eaves flashing membranes can also be useful in warmer climates where a similar backup of water can occur from an accumulation of pine needles and leaves. 

In addition to their use on highways and roofs, both hot poured and room temperature hardening bituminous compositions have been used as caulking materials and sealants in building construction. The classical agphalt/ashestos sealants contained volatile solvents and their resistance to solvents was increased by the incorporation of coal tar. These sealants have also been modified by the addition of elastomers, such as powdered rubber, and fillers, such as sawdust.12... 

Ruckert, J., Neubauer, F., and Zietelmann, C. (1983). Influence of Bituminous Roofing Materials on the Corrosion of Zinc and Galvanized Steel Gutters and Pipes. Gemeinschaftsausschuss Verzinken eV, Dusseldorf, Report 91 (in German), 11 pp. 

From the first introduction of plastic materials into the roof membrane in Japan and Europe as the sheet (single-ply membrane) or liquid systems, in the late 1950s, they have replaced the conventional hot-applied, built-up bituminous membrane. Single-ply membrane was introduced in USA only in the mid 1960s. 

The most commonly applied vapour retarder materials in lightweight envelope parts are polyethylene film and bituminous or aluminium kraftpaper. In flat membrane roofs, the bituminous membranes applied for water-tighmess are also used as a vapour retarder. A new... 

Most types of roofing materials are bituminous and synthetic (polymeric) roofing membranes. The most commonly used roofing and waterproofing membrane is made by combining asphalt or coal tar pitch (bitumen) with felts or mats, or fabrics of organic or inorganic fibers. 

Polymer-modified bituminous membranes were developed in Europe in the mid- 1960s and have been in use in North America since 1975. The polymeric systems have varied from natural rubber to more complex synthetic systems sueh as block copolymers and polymer blends. Most common polymers used as modifiers are polyisobutylenes, polybutadienes, polyisopienes, styrene-butiene-monomer, styrene-butadiene-rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene-vinylaeetate (EVA), atactic polypropylene (APP) as well as natural rubber. Polymers, such as atactic polypropylene or styrene-butadiene-styiene (SBS), impart flexibility and elasticity, improve cohesive strength, resist flow at high temperatures, and toughness.1 1 They are the most widely used modifiers of bitumen-based roofing materials. 

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