Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Bipolar disorder, mood changes

Depression and mania are both affective disorders but their symptoms and treatments are quite distinct. Mania is expressed as heightened mood, exaggerated sense of self-worth, irritability, aggression, delusions and hallucinations. In stark contrast, the most obvious disturbance in depression is melancholia that often co-exists with behavioural and somatic changes (Table 20.1). Some individuals experience dramatic mood swings between depression and mania. This is known as "bipolar disorder which, like mania itself, is treated with lithium salts or neuroleptics. [Pg.425]

Bipolar disorder is characterised by a period of mania, then a period of comparatively normal behaviour (euthymia), before progressing to a period of depression. The rate at which these mood changes occur can vary, being prolonged in some individuals and shorter in others. This periodicity is often characteristic and unchanging for an individual. In some rare instances the mood cycle is not only predictable but also very rapid for instance, 16 hours of mania, followed by 8 hours of euthymia, then 48 hours of depression. [Pg.173]

Mood stabilisers are used to regulate the cyclical change in mood characteristic of bipolar disorder, since they can attenuate both manic and depressive phases. Their main use is as a prophylactic for manic depression and unipolar mania. However, they can also be administered concomitantly with antidepressants for refractory (non-responsive) unipolar depression. [Pg.182]

Two patients, one with treatment-resistant rapid cycling bipolar disorder (36) and the other with severe mood changes during corticosteroid therapy (37), improved with olanzapine. [Pg.303]

Lithium (Li) has been used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (manic depression) for approximately 50 years. Over 2000 British patients use Li for this disease. The illness is characterized by alternative states of depression and mania, or overexcitement. At times, the cycle of mood changes continue for several weeks or for one year with good results (intervals) between the phases. In Texas, a correlation has been noted between the influence of Li-salts and the drinking water as well as the increase in visits to psychiatric (mental) public health hospitals. [Pg.703]

Patients with bipolar disorder frequently require multiple medications or changes in therapy. For example, antianxiety agents are helpful in reducing anxiety and agitation, especially in patients who refuse antimanic or antipsychotic agents. Likewise an added antipsychotic is more effective than lithium alone in acute manic episodes that include significant psychomotor activity and delusions or hallucinations. Ongoing treatment with antipsychotics after the manic episode is resolved is often not necessary. However, it is not uncommon for a refractory patient to require a combination of mood stabilizers, an antidepressant, and an antipsychotic. [Pg.166]

Fluctuations in hormones and neurotransmitters during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, postpartum period, and during peri-menopause (starting approximately 10 years before menopause) may precipitate mood changes and increase cycling that resembles bipolar II disorder. Women with bipolar I disorder are at greater risk for relapse into mania, depression, or psychosis during the... [Pg.1262]

Add bupropion or atomoxetine DA or NE augmenting agents may exacerbate mood changes and make it difficult to monitor bipolar disorder... [Pg.1269]

Rasgon N, Bauer M, Glenn T, et al. Menstrual cycle related mood changes in women with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2003 5 48-52. [Pg.1282]

LF sometimes is used as an alternative or adjunct to antidepressants in severe, especially melancholic, recurrent depression, as a supplement to antidepressant treatment in acute major depression, including in patients who present clinically with only mild mood elevations or hypomania (bipolar II disorder), or as an adjunct when later response to an antidepressant alone is unsatisfactory. In major affective disorders, LT has stronger evidence of reduction of suicide risk than any other treatment. Clinical experience also suggests the utility of IF in the management of childhood disorders that are marked by adult-like manic depression or by severe changes in mood and behavior, which are probable precursors to bipolar disorder in adults. Evidence of efficacy of Li in many additional episodic disorders (e.g., premenstrual dysphoria, episodic alcohol abuse, and episodic violence) is unconvincing. [Pg.317]

In the 1950s, scientists happened upon a discovery that changed the face of psychiatry. They found that lithium, a mineral present in some soils, had a profound effect upon mood, especially agitated states like mania (bipolar disorder). While lithium is the best-known mineral with psychotropic properties, other minerals can also help control depression. [Pg.76]

B. J. Kaplan, et al., Effective Mood Stabilization with a Chelated Mineral Supplement An Open-Label Trial in Bipolar Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 62 (2001) 936-944 A. B. Mayer, Historical Changes in the Mineral Content of Fruits and Vegetables. British Food Journal. 99 (1997) 207-211 C. W. Popper, Do Vitamins or Minerals (Apart from Lithium) Have Mood-Stabilizing Effects Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 62, no. 12 (2001) 933-944 S. J. Schoenthaler and I. D. Bier, The Effect of Vitamin-Mineral Supplementation on Juvenile Delinquency Among American Schoolchildren A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 6 (February 2000) 7-17. [Pg.271]

The monoamine hypothesis of depression was proposed in 1965 to describe the biochemical basis of depression. Basically, it proposes that depression is caused by a depletion of monoamines (e.g. noradrenaline and/or serotonin) from the synapses. This reduces synaptic activity in the brain causing depression. Conversely, it suggests that mania is caused by an excess of monoamines in synapses, with excessive synaptic activity in the brain resulting in excessive euphoria. In bipolar disorder, patients have mood changes that cycle between depression and mania (Fig. 49.2). [Pg.107]


See other pages where Bipolar disorder, mood changes is mentioned: [Pg.182]    [Pg.401]    [Pg.889]    [Pg.891]    [Pg.894]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.283]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.29]    [Pg.467]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.189]    [Pg.665]    [Pg.86]    [Pg.101]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.247]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.80]    [Pg.1262]    [Pg.1268]    [Pg.1282]    [Pg.1466]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.133]    [Pg.871]    [Pg.888]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.401]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.107 ]




SEARCH



Bipolar disorder

Mood change

Mood disorders bipolar disorder

Moods

© 2024 chempedia.info