Biotechnology chromatography

Smith, R.M., Gas and Liquid Chromatography in Analytical Chemistry, Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 1988. Smith, R.M. and Busch, K.L., Understanding Mass Spectra A Basic Approach, Wiley, Chichester, U.K., 1998. Snyder, A.R, Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. 

Manufacturing approaches for selected bioproducts of the new biotechnology impact product recovery and purification. The most prevalent bioseparations method is chromatography (qv). Thus the practical tools used to initiate scaleup of process Hquid chromatographic separations starting from a minimum amount of laboratory data are given. 

E.D. Katz (Ed.), High Performance Liquid Chromatography Principles and Methods in Biotechnology, J. Wiley Sons, Chichester, 1996. ISBN 0471934445. 

D. E. Samain, Multidimensional cliromatography in biotechnology , in Advances in Chromatography-Biotechnological Applications and Methods, J. C Giddings, E. Grashka andR R. Brown (Eds), Marcel Dekker, New York, Basel, Ch. 2, pp. 77-132 (1989). 

Nevertheless, despite the inherent disadvantages of exclusion chromatography, there are instances where it is the only practical method of choice. The technique is widely used in the separation of macro-molecules of biological origin, e.g. polypeptides, proteins, enzymes, etc. In fact, it is in this area of biotechnology where the major growth in HPLC techniques appears to be taking place. 

The Cyclobond materials are some of the most effective in separating isiomers generally and their development continues. It is likely that chiral chromatography will become increasingly important as the products from biotechnology continue to proliferate into the pharmaceutical field. 

Black, G.E. and Fox, A., Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry profiling carbohydrates in whole bacterial cell hydrolysates, in Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, ACS Symposium Series, Snyder, A.P. and Anaheim, C.A., Fids., Washington, D.C., 1995, chap. 4. 

E Ruckenstein, V Lesins. Classification of liquid chromatographic methods based on the interaction forces The niche of potential barrier chromatography. In A Mizrahi, ed. Advances in Biotechnological Processes, Vol 8 Downstream Processes Equipment and Techniques. New York Alan R. Liss, 1988, pp 241-314. 

R.A. Wallingford and A.G. Ewing, Advances in chromatography, Biotechnological Applications and Methods, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1989. 

K. Kalghatgi and C. Horvath, Micropellicular sorbents for rapid reversed-phase chromatography of proteins and peptides, in Analytical Biotechnology, Capillary Electrophoresis, and Chromatography, C. Horvath and J.G. Nikelly (Eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1990, p. 162. 

J. Frenz, W.S. Hancock, and WJ. Henzel, Reversed phase chromatography in analytical biotechnology of proteins, in HPLC of Biological Macromolecules, K.M. Gooding and F.E. Regnier (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, pp. 158-168. 

CEC is a miniaturized separation technique that combines capabilities of both interactive chromatography and CE. In Chapter 17, the theory of CEC and the factors affecting separation, such as the stationary phase and mobile phase, are discussed. The chapter focuses on the preparation of various types of columns used in CEC and describes the progress made in the development of open-tubular, particle-packed, and monolithic columns. The detection techniques in CEC, such as traditional UV detection and improvements made by coupling with more sensitive detectors like mass spectrometry (MS), are also described. Furthermore, some of the applications of CEC in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products are provided. 

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