Biota bioconcentration

The bioconcentration factor, although usually related to fish is actually an estimate of the bioaccumulation potential for biota in general. Different organisms may bioconcentrate a given chemical to a lesser or greater degree, however with different chemicals, the relative ranking with respect to bioconcentration will be essentially the same for all species. 

Kenaga, E. E. Goring, C.A.I. "Relationship Between Water Solubility, Soil Sorption, Octanol-Water Partioning, and Bioconcentration of Chemicals in Biota, ASTM, Third Aquatic Toxicology Symposium October 17-18, 1978. 

Bioconcentration of cadmium from ambient medium by selected species of aquatic biota... 

Table 1.7 Bioconcentration of Cadmium from Ambient Medium by Selected Species of Aquatic Biota... 

Pentachlorophenol was found at high concentrations in all samples of sediments, waters, and biota collected near industrial facilities that used PCP as a wood preservative (Niimi and Cho 1983 Oikari and Kukkonen 1988) (Table 23.3). Fish can bioconcentrate PCP from water up to 10,000 times (Fox and Joshi 1984). However, similar concentrations were measured in blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (Folke and Birklund 1986), and softshell clam, Mya arenaria (Butte et al. 1985), from the vicinity of PCP-contaminated wastewater discharges as well as from more distant collection sites. Thus, PCP bioaccumulation in marine bivalve molluscs does not appear to be dose related. 

Poston, T.P., D.C. Klopfer, and M.A. Simmons. 1990. Short-term bioconcentration studies of Np in freshwater biota. Health Phys. 59 869-877. 

High hydrophobicity of pyrethroids is likely to result in their bioconcentration in biota which is mostly controlled by lipid content. On the other hand, the high hydrophobicity would reduce bioavailability of pyrethroids due to association with DOM and/or adsorption to suspended and bottom sediments [10]. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) from water to organisms is conveniently defined by... 

The dominant transport process from water is volatilization. Based on mathematical models developed by the EPA, the half-life for M-hexane in bodies of water with any degree of turbulent mixing (e.g., rivers) would be less than 3 hours. For standing bodies of water (e.g., small ponds), a half-life no longer than one week (6.8 days) is estimated (ASTER 1995 EPA 1987a). Based on the log octanol/water partition coefficient (i.e., log[Kow]) and the estimated log sorption coefficient (i.e., log[Koc]) (see Table 3-2), ii-hexane is not expected to become concentrated in biota (Swann et al. 1983). A calculated bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 453 for a fathead minnow (ASTER 1995) further suggests a low potential for -hcxanc to bioconcentrate or bioaccumulate in trophic food chains. 

In the early years of analysis data on the bioconcentration of LAS in biota were obtained using radiolabeled compounds and LSC, not distinguishing between parent compounds and metabolites [1,27,30]. These methods were non-specific and the data produced were unreliable due to overestimation. Therefore, it was important to develop accurate and specific analytical techniques in order to isolate and quantify these separately. 

Kenaga EE, Goring CAI. 1980. Relationship between water solubility, soil-sorbtion, octanol-water partitioning, and bioconcentration of chemicals in biota. ASTM Special Technical Publication (STP) 707. American Society for the Testing of Materials, Philadelphia, PA. 

Bioconcentration factor (BCE) for toxaphene and selected species of aqnatic biota... 

Exposure Levels in Environmental Media. Environmental monitoring data are not available for soil and air, and the data available for water, sediments, and biota are not sufficient to determine ambient concentrations. These data would be helpful in determining the ambient concentrations of isophorone so that exposure estimates of the general population and the bioconcentration factor of this chemical in aquatic organisms can be made. 

Describe in words, the parameters (1) bioconcentration factor, (2) biomagnification factor, (3) biota-sediment- and biota-soil- accumulation factor, and (4) bioaccumulation factor. 

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