Soil biota

The BUSES model provides an estimate of the organic carbon/water partition coefficient (Koc) based on the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow)- From these data, it is evident that the methyltins are less likely to partition onto organic carbon (in sediments, soils, biota) than are the butyl- and octyltin compormds due to then-lower partition coefficients and higher water solubilities. The 7/oc value can then be used to derive sohds/water partition coefficients in suspended matter, in sediment, and in soil using values of 10%, 5%, and 2% for organie carbon, representing typical organic carbon contents of suspended matter, sediment, and soil, respeetively. 

P. Nannipieri, The potential use of soil enzymes as indicators of productivity, sustainability and pollution. Soil Biota Management in Sii.stainable Farming Systems (C. E. PankhursI, B. M. Doube. V. V. S. R. Gupta, and P. R. Grace, eds.), CSIRO, Adelaide, Australia, 1994, p. 238. 

The theoretical background underlying the structure of a mathematical scheme for simulating the phenomenology of processes in air, water, soil, biota, or a combination of media. 

Effect of Organic Contaminants on Soil Biota and Quality. 12... 

Environmental contamination, either from diffuse or point sources, may compromise the ability of ecosystems to provide society with those goods and services that we require. Contamination is also linked to other widely recognised anthropogenic threats to sustainable functioning of our planet, such as the loss of biodiversity. As many soil properties and processes are conferred by soil biota, it is currently widely agreed that biological characteristics should be taken into account when evaluating the quality, or health, of soil [13, 16]. 

Van-Zwieten, L., Merrington, G. and M. Van-Zwieten (2005). Review of Impacts on Soil Biota Caused by Copper Residues from Fungicide Application, http // www.regional.org. au... 

Biotic control over the functioning of soil ecosystems also follows the model described by Chapin et al. (1997) for universal ecosystem. Types of soil biota and their composition are likely to alter soil ecosystem processes through changes in the functional traits (Fig. 10.1). It can alter ecosystem processes, such as phosphorous transformation and availability by plants, which in turn modifies community... 

Parfitt RL, Yeates GW, Ross DJ, Mackay AD, Budding PJ (2005) Relationship between soil biota, nitrogen and phosphorous availability and pasture growth under organic and conventional management. Appl Soil Ecol 28 1-13... 

Porazinska DL, Bardgett RD, Blaauw MB, Hunt HW, Parson AN, Seastedt TR, Wall DH (2003) Relationships at the aboveground-belowground interface plants, soil biota, and soil processes. Ecol Monogr 73 377-395... 

Methods exist for determining mirex and chlordecone in air (ambient and occupational), water, sediment and soil, biota and fish, and foods. Most involve separation by GC with detection by ECD or MS. Tables 6-3 and 6-4 summarize some of the applicable analytical methods used for determining mirex and chlordecone, respectively, in environment samples. 

In this study a series of surface water and deep soil samples were analyzed to detect ai migration or runoff of waste pesticides from typical Chemical Control Centers. Entomological evaluation of soil biota and monitoring of dermal exposure to pesticides of mlxer-appllcators took place throughout the 1980 season. No adverse effects as a result of the Chemical Control Centers were detected. 

Strayer RF, Edwards NT, Walton BT, et al. 1983. Potential terrestrial fate and effects on soil biota of a coal liquification product spill. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2(2) 217-224. 

The orange coloured lepidocrocite, y-FeOOH, is named after its platy crystal shape (lepidos scale) and its orange colour (krokus = saffron). It occurs in rocks, soils, biota and rust and is often an oxidation product of Fe ". It has the boehmite (y-AlOOH) structure which is based on cubic close packing (ccp) of anions. 

In soils, electrons are produced by the metabolic activity of soil biota. These electrons are usually accepted by O2 dissolved in the soil solution which is then replaced by O2 from the soil air. Oxygen may, however, become deficient if all pores are filled with water as in waterlogged or compacted soils. Fe in Fe oxides may then function as an alternative electron acceptor and Fe ions will be formed according to eq. (16.3). The electrons are transferred from the decomposing biomass to the Fe oxide by microbially produced enzymes. Other potential electron acceptors in soils are nitrate, Mn and sulphate. 

Zimmerman, R. 2002. Investigating the Impact of Green Manures and Weed Mat on Soil Biota and Tree Growth in Organic Peach Tree Orchards. Western Colorado Research Center, Hotchkiss, Colorado. 

Van Zwieten, L., Merrington, G. and Van Zwieten, M. 2004. Review of impacts on soil biota caused by copper residues from fungicide application. In Singh, B. (ed.) SuperSoil2004 Third Australian New Zealand Soils Conference, University of Sydney, Australia, 5-9 December 2004. The Regional Institute, Gosford. pp. CD-ROM. 

The natural sources of soil organic matter (SOM) are indigenous plant and animal debris that are decomposed and partly mineralized by soil biota. Any factor that... 

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